Conscious Mice
Conscious Mice - Related Videos
11:10
Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic Clamps in Conscious, Unrestrained Mice
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Cited by 150 •
2011
The hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, or insulin clamp, is the gold standard for assessing insulin action in vivo. A method for performing insulin clamps in mice is described. This includes a method for arterial catheterization that permits experiments to be performed in conscious, unrestrained mice with minimal stress.
07:07
A High-throughput Method for Measurement of Glomerular Filtration Rate in Conscious Mice
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Cited by 65 •
2013
Measurement of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is the gold standard for kidney function assessment. Here we describe a high-throughput method which allows the determination of GFR in conscious mice by using a single bolus injection, determination of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-inulin in plasma and calculation of GFR by a two-phase exponential decay model.
08:31
Conscious and Non-conscious Representations of Emotional Faces in Asperger's Syndrome
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Cited by 5 •
2016
An EEG experimental protocol is designed to clarify the interplay between conscious and non-conscious representations of emotional faces in patients with Asperger's syndrome. The technique suggests that patients with Asperger's syndrome have deficits in non-conscious representation of emotional faces, but have comparable performance in conscious representation with healthy controls.
07:35
Hyperglycemic Clamp and Hypoglycemic Clamp in Conscious Mice
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Cited by 4 •
2024
A hyperglycemic clamp is used for measuring insulin release with a maintained higher blood glucose concentration. A hypoglycemic clamp is for measuring glucose production induced by counter-regulatory responses. Both methods use the same surgical procedure. Here, we present a clamp technique to assess systemic glucose metabolism.
08:58
Assessment of Respiratory Function in Conscious Mice by Double-chamber Plethysmography
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Cited by 23 •
2018
The objective of the present article is to provide a detailed description of the recommended procedures to evaluate respiratory function in conscious mice by double-chamber plethysmography.
FAQs
Anesthesia can change neural activity, cardiovascular function, pain perception, metabolism, and immune responses. Consequently, a response recorded under anesthesia may not represent the animal’s normal awake state or its response to a treatment. Studying these systems without anesthetic effects helps investigators interpret physiological and behavioral findings more accurately in medical research.
Conscious mice may be gently restrained or allowed to move freely, depending on the measurement and study objective. Restraint can support controlled recording, treatment administration, or sample collection, whereas free movement permits direct observation of behavior and responses during activity. Selecting the appropriate condition helps align data collection with the biological question.
Awake experiments can capture both physiological signals and observable behavior while treatments or disease-related conditions are being studied. This is particularly important when pain perception, neural activity, cardiovascular function, metabolism, immune responses, or behavioral changes are relevant outcomes. Measuring these responses together can provide a broader assessment than relying on a single physiological variable.
Researchers should establish carefully controlled conditions and provide appropriate acclimation before measurements begin. During the experiment, they may monitor physiological signals, observe behavior, administer treatments, or collect samples while maintaining the planned restraint or movement condition. These controls help distinguish treatment-related responses from effects associated with handling or the experimental setting.
This approach is useful when investigators need to evaluate disease mechanisms, drug effects, pain, behavioral outcomes, or treatment safety in an awake animal. It can reveal responses that anesthesia might alter, making the findings more relevant to how biological systems function during normal wakefulness. The method therefore supports several stages of medical investigation.
Researchers can administer a treatment and then record physiological signals, observe behavior, or collect samples under controlled conditions. The resulting data can show how the intervention affects multiple responses, including pain-related or behavioral outcomes, while avoiding anesthetic changes to key biological systems. This supports a more complete assessment of both treatment effects and potential safety concerns.