Air Delivery
Air Delivery - Related Videos
01:27
Air-entraining Agents
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2024
Air-entraining agents improve the durability and workability of concrete in climates with frequent freezing and thawing. These agents prevent cracks by introducing small air bubbles into the mix, creating spaces accommodating water expansion when temperatures drop. The air-entraining agents lower the surface tension of water, forming stable, small air bubbles. This method is more effective than having accidental large voids, as the intentional, smaller, and evenly distributed air voids improve...
09:51
Analyzing Responses of Mouse Olfactory Sensory Neurons Using the Air-phase Electroolfactogram Recording
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Cited by 34 •
2010
The electroolfactogram (EOG) recording is an informative, easy-to-conduct, and reliable way of assessing olfactory function at the level of the olfactory epithelium. This protocol describes a recording setup, mouse tissue preparation, data collection, and basic data analysis.
02:22
Performing Intratracheal Bacterial Delivery in a Mouse Model
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2025
Source: Venuprasad, K., et al. Intra-tracheal Administration of Haemophilus influenzae in Mouse Models to Study Airway Inflammation. J. Vis. Exp. (2016)This video demonstrates the intratracheal delivery of a lung-pathogenic bacterial inoculum into an anesthetized mouse to model lower respiratory tract infection.
01:28
Effects of Air-entrainment in Concrete
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2024
Air entrainment in concrete significantly enhances the material's durability, especially in environments subjected to freeze-thaw cycles. Introducing small air bubbles into the concrete mix acts as internal voids that accommodate the expansion of water when it freezes, thereby alleviating internal stress and preventing structural cracks. This function is crucial in climates with significant freezing and thawing, as it protects the concrete from repeated stresses that could lead to premature...
08:02
Cell Squeezing as a Robust, Microfluidic Intracellular Delivery Platform
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Cited by 40 •
2013
Rapid mechanical deformation of cells has emerged as a promising, vector-free method for intracellular delivery of macromolecules and nanomaterials. This protocol provides detailed steps on how to use the system for a broad range of applications.
FAQs
Reproducible stimulation depends on coordinating pressure, flow rate, timing, and duration rather than changing any one parameter in isolation. Together, these variables establish the mechanical or respiratory conditions experienced by the target and allow trials to be compared. In neuroscience, controlling them helps relate a sensory or behavioral response to a defined air stimulus instead of an uncontrolled delivery change.
A regulated pressure source establishes the driving condition, tubing conveys the air, and the nozzle directs the stream toward the defined target. Keeping these elements consistent helps separate the intended stimulus from variation introduced along the delivery path. This component-level control is especially important when comparing mechanosensory responses, respiratory conditions, or behavior across trials or experimental groups.
Air delivery can support either mechanical stimulation or exposure to inhaled compounds, but these uses address different sensory questions. Airflow itself can probe how neural systems detect physical forces, whereas an inhaled substance can probe responses to a chemical signal. Distinguishing the two modes helps researchers interpret whether observed neural or behavioral effects reflect mechanics, chemistry, or both.
Flow rate, pressure, timing, and duration are the principal conditions researchers adjust to control consistency. Precise timing can determine when a neural or behavioral response is associated with an air puff, while duration and flow help define the experienced stimulus. Standardizing these settings improves measurement reliability and supports comparisons among responses involving mechanosensation, respiration, olfaction, or behavior.
A basic workflow begins by directing air from a regulated pressure source through tubing to a nozzle positioned at the defined target. Researchers then set the desired flow rate or pressure and specify stimulus timing and duration. The resulting air puffs, respiratory conditions, or inhaled exposures can be compared with recorded neural or behavioral responses under standardized conditions.
The approach supports studies of mechanosensation, respiration, olfaction, and animal behavior. Researchers can use controlled air puffs to examine how neural circuits detect and process physical signals, or deliver inhaled compounds to investigate chemical sensing. Because the stimulus is standardized, measured neural and behavioral outcomes can be interpreted against reproducible delivery conditions rather than poorly defined airflow.