Name: water climbing by adhesion
Uploaded: 2019-03-11T09:21:00.000Z
Duration: 1 min 14 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

north-carolina-k-12-science-standard-course-of-study

North Carolina K-12 Science Standard Course of Study

9-12

Earth and Environmental Science

Earth's Systems

ESS.EES.3.1

Adhesion

L'adhésion se produit lorsque deux molécules différentessont attirées l'une par l'autre,comme l'eau sur un brin d'herbe. 
C'est parce que la surface de l'herbe est polaire. 
Lorsque la surface est un tube vertical,une traction ascendante a lieu sur les bords,et donne un ménisque concave. 
Si la force adhésive est plus forteque l'attraction cohésive entre les molécules de liquide,l'eau va continuer à monter,en un mouvement qu'on appelle action capillaire. 
Comme avec le tube étroit,les plantes comportent des vaisseaux étroits, ou xylèmes,composés de cellulose polaire. 
Ceux-ci acheminent l'eau par action capillaire,contre la force de gravité. 
Le diamètre de ces vaisseaux diminuentvers le sommet des arbres de plus grande taille,permettant à l'eau de monter encore plus haut,des racines jusqu'aux feuilles.

Kim, Hae Koo, Joonghyuk Park et Ildoo Hwang. « Étude du transport de l’eau à travers le réseau de xylèmes chez les plantes vasculaires. » Journal of Experimental Botany 65, n° 7 (1er avril 2014) : 1895-1904. [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/eru075 » target="__blank">Source</a>]

adhésion

L’adhésion se produit lorsqu’un type de molécule est attiré par un autre genre de molécule. L’eau présente des propriétés adhésives en présence de surfaces polaires, comme le verre ou la cellulose dans les plantes. En ce qui concerne le verre, les molécules d’hydrogène chargées positivement dans l’eau sont plus attirées par les molécules d’oxygène chargées négativement dans la silice que par l’oxygène dans les molécules d’eau voisines.
 
 L’action capillaire est le résultat des tendances adhésives de l’eau. Lorsqu’un tube de verre étroit est inséré dans l’eau, les molécules d’eau se lient à la surface du tube, et le niveau de l’eau à l’intérieur du tube augmente. Plus le diamètre du tube est petit, plus l’eau monte car il y a plus de molécules d’eau exposées à la surface du verre. L’action capillaire se poursuit tant que la force adhésive est supérieure à l’attraction de la gravité.
 
 Les plantes utilisent l’adhérence de l’action capillaire et la cohésion entre les molécules d’eau pour déplacer l’eau des racines vers les feuilles. Chez les plantes, les vaisseaux du xylème se composent de cellules longues et étroites appelées éléments trachéaux, qui transportent l’eau. Parce que les molécules d’eau sont attirées par la cellulose, elles s’accrochent à la paroi cellulaire du xylème. Les forces cohésives entre les molécules d’eau attirent également les molécules d’eau entre elles. Ensemble, ces forces d’adhésion et de cohésion créent une colonne de molécules d’eau qui remonte progressivement les vaisseaux du xylème.

Adhésion

L’adhésion se produit lorsqu’un type de molécule est attiré par une molécule différente. L’eau présente des propriétés adhésives en présence de surfaces polaires, telles que ...

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water climbing by adhesion

Water can climb or stick to surfaces because of adhesion, which is the attraction between different kinds of molecules. In water, this is easy to see on polar surfaces such as glass or cellulose in plants. The positive hydrogen side of water is more attracted to the negative oxygen in silica than to nearby water molecules.

This attraction helps explain capillary action. If a narrow glass tube is placed in a beaker of water, water molecules attach to the tube’s surface and the water level rises. The smaller the tube diameter, the higher the water rises because more water molecules contact the glass surface. Capillary action continues while the adhesive force stays stronger than the cohesive forces between water molecules.

Adhesion also helps move water through plants during transpiration. Plants have xylem vessels made of long, narrow tracheary elements that transport water. Water molecules cling to the cellulose in the xylem cell wall and resist gravity. Cohesion, the attraction between water molecules, helps keep the water molecules together inside the tracheary cells. Adhesion and cohesion work together to form a column of water that can move upward from the roots to the leaves.

Water Climbing by Adhesion

the periodic table and organismal elements

the-periodic-table-and-organismal-elements

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adhesion

Water can climb or stick to surfaces because of adhesion, which is the attraction between different kinds of molecules. In water, this is easy to see on polar surfaces such as glass or cellulose in plants. The positive hydrogen side of water is more attracted to the negative oxygen in silica than to nearby water molecules. This attraction helps explain capillary action. If a narrow glass tube is placed in a beaker of water, water molecules attach to the tube’s surface and the water level rises.

states of water

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vaporization

Vaporization, Boiling, and Evaporation

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solvents

Water as a Biological Solvent

Water acts as a biological solvent in many living systems. A solvent is a substance, usually a liquid, that dissolves another substance called a solute. When a solvent and a solute mix, they form a solution, which is a uniform mixture of both parts. Water is called a universal biological solvent because its polar structure helps it dissolve many other polar compounds. Polarity means that one side of the molecule has a slight positive charge and the other side has a slight negative charge.

carbon skeletons

Carbon Backbones in Biomolecules

Carbon backbones give biological molecules their structure and flexibility. Living things are built from macromolecules that contain carbon atoms, and organic compounds are defined by a carbon backbone. Carbon is tetravalent, so each carbon atom can bond with four other atoms. Its valence electrons are stable, so carbon rarely becomes an ion. As carbon chains get longer, they can form ring structures, double bonds, and branching side chains. Carbon-carbon bonds create the carbon skeleton.

key terms and concepts

Learn how adhesion helps water stick to glass and plant xylem, driving capillary action and helping water rise from roots to leaves.

Water Climbing by Adhesion | JoVE K12

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Pennsylvania State Academic Standards

Earth and Space Science

3.3.9-12.K

Alabama Course of Study Science

from-molecules-to-organisms-structures-and-processes

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9-12.B.1.4.b

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Water Climbing by Adhesion

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