Name: pituitary lobe structure and hormone links
Uploaded: 2025-05-22T09:06:13.000Z
Duration: 1 min 17 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

ohios-learning-standards-and-model-curriculum

Ohio’s Learning Standards and Model Curriculum

9-12

Human Anatomy and Physiology

Integration And Coordination

Endocrine System

The Pituitary Gland

L’hypophyse est un petit organe endocrinien situé dans l’os sphénoïde sous l’hypothalamus.
Principalement, l’hypophyse chez l’adulte a deux régions anatomiques et fonctionnelles distinctes : les lobes antérieur et postérieur.
Les deux parties du lobe antérieur – la pars distalis et la pars tuberalis – comprennent le tissu épithélial glandulaire, qui produit diverses hormones.
Le lobe antérieur a une connexion vasculaire avec l’hypothalamus via le système porte hypophysaire.
Les hormones hypothalamiques sécrétées par les cellules de l’hypothalamus ventral voyagent à travers ce système porte et contrôlent la sécrétion d’hormones par les cellules du lobe antérieur.
Le lobe hypophysaire postérieur a également deux parties, l’infundibulum, une tige en forme d’entonnoir et la pars nervosa.
L’infundibulum permet le passage des axones des noyaux supra-optique et paraventriculaire du tractus hypothalamo-hypophysaire, en maintenant une connexion neurale avec l’hypothalamus.
Ce tractus délivre les hormones prêtes à l’emploi sécrétées par ces cellules neurosécrétoires hypothalamiques dans le lobe hypophysaire postérieur, où elles sont stockées jusqu’à leur libération.

la glande pituitaire

L'hypophyse (ou glande pituitaire) est un petit organe endocrinien situé dans l'os sphénoïde sous l'hypothalamus. L'hypophyse chez l'adulte comporte deux régions anatomiques et fonctionnelles principales distinctes : les lobes antérieur et postérieur. Au cours du développement fœtal humain, une troisième région de l’hypophyse appelée pars intermedia s’atrophie et disparaît. Cependant, certaines de ses cellules migrent et existent à côté de l'hypophyse antérieure chez l'adulte.

Le lobe antérieur comprend la pars distalis et la pars tuberalis. Ces zones sont constituées de tissu épithélial glandulaire qui produit diverses hormones. Le lobe antérieur est relié à l'hypothalamus par le système porte hypophysaire. Les hormones sécrétées par les cellules de l'hypothalamus ventral traversent ce système porte et régulent les cellules sécrétant des hormones du lobe antérieur.

Le lobe postérieur de l'hypophyse comprend deux parties : l'infundibulum, une tige en forme d'entonnoir, et la pars nervosa. L'infundibulum permet le passage des axones des noyaux supra-optiques et paraventriculaires du tractus hypothalamo-hypophysaire, maintenant une connexion neuronale avec l'hypothalamus. Le tractus hypothalamo-hypophysaire délivre les hormones sécrétées par les cellules neurosécrétoires hypothalamiques dans le lobe hypophysaire postérieur pour y être stockées et libérées.

La glande pituitaire

L’hypophyse est un petit organe endocrinien situé dans l’os sphénoïde sous l’hypothalamus.
Principalement, l’hypophyse chez l’adulte a deux ...

Education

Enseignement

JoVE Core

Anatomy and Physiology

Anatomie et physiologie

Unit 1

Unité 1

The Endocrine System

Le système endocrinien

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

TERMES ET CONCEPTS CLÉS

pituitary lobe structure and hormone links

The pituitary gland is a small endocrine organ in the sphenoid bone, just under the hypothalamus. In adults, it has two main regions: the anterior lobe and the posterior lobe. During fetal development, a third region called the pars intermedia forms, but it atrophies and disappears. Some of its cells remain and are found next to the anterior pituitary in adults.

The anterior lobe includes the pars distalis and the pars tuberalis. These regions are made of glandular epithelial tissue, which produces several hormones. The anterior lobe connects to the hypothalamus through the hypophyseal portal system. Hormones from ventral hypothalamus cells move through this portal system and control the hormone-secreting cells of the anterior lobe.

The posterior pituitary also has two parts: the infundibulum and the pars nervosa. The infundibulum is a funnel-shaped stalk that lets axons from the supra-optic and paraventricular nuclei pass through the hypothalamic-hypophyseal tract. This keeps a neural connection with the hypothalamus. The tract carries hormones made by hypothalamic neurosecretory cells into the posterior lobe for storage and release.

Pituitary Lobe Structure and Hormone Links

pituitary-lobe-structure-and-hormone-links

an overview of the endocrine system

How Hormones Coordinate Body Functions

The endocrine system uses hormones to coordinate body functions. It is a network of glands that releases chemical messengers into the body. These hormones carry signals between secretory cells and distant target cells. A hormone only affects cells that have the right receptor for it. The endocrine system helps maintain homeostasis, or a stable internal balance. It works with the nervous system to regulate metabolism, reproduction, and development. Both systems support intercellular...

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Endocrine Glands and Hormone Sources

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Hormone Signaling Through cAMP and Calcium

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target cell response to hormones

Hormone Receptors and Cell Response

Hormones trigger cell responses by binding to receptors on the cell surface or inside the target cell. This binding starts a chain of events that changes how the cell behaves. The response depends on the hormone, the receptor, and the type of target cell. Cells can also change how strongly they respond by adjusting receptor numbers. When a cell is exposed to high hormone levels for a long time, it may down-regulate receptors. Down-regulation means the cell makes fewer receptors for that...

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the pituitary gland

The pituitary gland is a small endocrine organ in the sphenoid bone, just under the hypothalamus. In adults, it has two main regions: the anterior lobe and the posterior lobe. During fetal development, a third region called the pars intermedia forms, but it atrophies and disappears. Some of its cells remain and are found next to the anterior pituitary in adults. The anterior lobe includes the pars distalis and the pars tuberalis. These regions are made of glandular epithelial tissue, which...

hormones of the pituitary gland

Pituitary Hormones and Their Body Roles

The pituitary gland is a small, pea-sized gland at the base of the brain. It helps regulate body functions such as growth and reproduction. The gland has two lobes, the anterior lobe and the posterior lobe. In the anterior lobe, secretory cell clusters in the pars distalis are controlled by hypothalamic regulators and produce six main hormones. Growth hormone is the most abundant hormone released from the anterior lobe. It supports overall growth by helping the body produce insulin-like growth...

the thyroid gland

Thyroid Follicles, Cells, and Hormones

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How T3 and T4 Are Made and Controlled

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functions of thyroid hormones

Thyroid Hormones in Growth and Metabolism

Thyroid hormones help control growth, metabolism, and body balance. They are essential during fetal life and childhood, when the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems are developing and maturing. They also support bone mineral turnover and protein synthesis in growing tissues. In adulthood, thyroid hormones continue to affect the body in important ways. They help regulate gonadal hormone secretion, especially in females, and support endocrine tissue function. They also contribute to normal...

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Calcitonin and Blood Calcium Control

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the parathyroid glands

Parathyroid Hormone and Calcium Control

The parathyroid glands help control calcium balance in the body. These two pairs of glands sit on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland and are enclosed by a dense capsule. They contain two main cell types: principal cells and oxyphil cells. Principal parathyroid cells make parathyroid hormone, or PTH, also called parathormone. These cells sense when blood calcium levels fall. When calcium drops, they release PTH to start a response that helps restore calcium balance. PTH acts on bones,...

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Adrenal Glands and the Stress Response

The adrenal glands help the body respond to stress. These paired, pyramid-shaped glands sit above the kidneys and line up with the twelfth rib. They also have a yellow tint because they store cholesterol and fatty acids needed to make hormones. Each gland is wrapped in a fibrous capsule and cushioned by fat. Inside, the gland has two main regions with different jobs. The outer adrenal cortex makes corticosteroids, which support longer-lasting stress responses. The cortex is organized into...

hormones of the adrenal glands

Adrenal Cortex and Stress Hormones

Adrenal hormones help control electrolyte balance and the body’s stress response. They come from the adrenal cortex and the adrenal medulla, which work together to support survival and normal body function. The adrenal cortex makes over two dozen corticosteroid hormones. In the zona glomerulosa, the main mineralocorticoid is aldosterone. Mineralocorticoids help control the electrolyte makeup of body fluids. The zona fasciculata produces glucocorticoids such as cortisol and corticosterone.

adrenal gland disorders

Hormone Imbalances in the Adrenal Glands

Hormone imbalances in the adrenal glands can cause too little or too much hormone production. The adrenal glands make hormones that help control stress, blood pressure, and body balance. When these levels move away from normal, several adrenal disorders can develop. Adrenal insufficiency happens when the adrenal cortex makes too little cortisol and aldosterone. A common example is Addison’s disease. It can cause skin bronzing, dehydration, low blood pressure, fatigue, and weight loss.

the pineal gland

Melatonin and the Pineal Gland

The pineal gland is a small endocrine gland in the forebrain. It sits on top of the third ventricle in the diencephalon. It gets its pinecone-shaped name from its form. This gland is made of secretory cells called pinealocytes. These cells are arranged in tight cords and clusters around dense particles of calcium salts. The pineal gland mainly releases melatonin, a hormone made from serotonin. Melatonin levels in the blood follow a day-night cycle. Light exposure affects this pattern.

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Pancreatic Hormones and Digestive Cells

The pancreas uses two main kinds of cells to support digestion and blood sugar control. Its exocrine cells and endocrine cells work together to keep the body balanced. The pancreas is a glandular organ in the abdominal cavity, and it belongs to both the digestive and endocrine systems. Exocrine function comes from acinar cells, which are grouped into clusters called acini. These cells release large amounts of alkaline digestive juice that is rich in enzymes. This secretion helps support...

hormones regulating blood glucose

How Insulin and Glucagon Shift Energy

Insulin and glucagon are pancreatic hormones that help keep blood glucose levels in balance. Insulin is released by beta cells when blood glucose is high. Glucagon is released by alpha cells when blood glucose drops below normal. Insulin helps glucose move into insulin-dependent cells that have insulin receptors on their plasma membranes. It increases the number of glucose transport proteins in the cell membrane, which allows glucose to enter the cell more easily. This raises glucose use and...

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Diabetes Mellitus: Blood Sugar Control

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder that raises blood glucose levels. It happens when the body does not make enough insulin, when cells do not respond well to insulin, or when both problems are present. This condition can affect health and quality of life in many people worldwide. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease. In this form, the immune system attacks and destroys the beta cells in the pancreas that produce insulin. Because of this damage, the body cannot make enough...

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Hormones in Sexual Development and Pregnancy

Gonadal and placental hormones guide sexual development, reproduction, and pregnancy. The gonads are the testes in males and the ovaries in females. They produce hormones that help control these body processes. In males, testosterone is the main gonadal androgen, or male sex hormone. It helps the penis and testes mature. It also drives secondary sex characteristics, such as a deeper voice and facial and pubic hair growth. Testosterone also supports sperm production. In females, estrogen and...

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Type 2 diabetes and gestational diabetes both involve problems with blood sugar control. In Type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance develops when insulin receptors on cells lose their response to insulin. This lowers the cell’s ability to take up glucose and leaves blood glucose levels high. Doctors use a series of blood glucose tests to diagnose Type 2 diabetes. These tests show whether blood glucose is in the normal range. If results are abnormal, a patient may be labeled prediabetic or...

key terms and concepts

Learn how the pituitary gland is organized into anterior and posterior lobes, how the hypophyseal portal system works, and how hormones move from the hypothalamus.

Pituitary Lobe Structure and Hormone Links | JoVE K12

anatomy and physiology

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Nervous System

Pituitary Lobe Structure and Hormone Links

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