Retina Function
Retina Function - Related Videos
09:16
Simultaneous ex vivo Functional Testing of Two Retinas by in vivo Electroretinogram System
0 Views •
Cited by 36 •
2015
Ex vivo ERG can be used to record electrical activity of retinal cells directly from isolated intact retinas of animals or humans. We demonstrate here how common in vivo ERG systems can be adapted for ex vivo ERG recordings in order to dissect the electrical activity of retinal cells.
07:53
Split Retina as an Improved Flatmount Preparation for Studying Inner Nuclear Layer Neurons in Vertebrate Retina
0 Views •
2024
This work presents an alternative flatmount retina preparation in which the removal of photoreceptor cell bodies enables faster antibody diffusion and improved patch pipette access to inner retinal neurons for immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, and electrophysiology experiments.
06:15
In Ovo Electroporation in Embryonic Chick Retina
0 Views •
Cited by 10 •
2012
The overall goal of this video is to show how to perform targeted retinal injection and in ovo electroporation of DNA/RNA constructs into the chick embryonic retina at the Hamburger and Hamilton stage 22-23, which is about embryonic day 4 (E4). This technique is very useful to study gene expression, gene regulation, and morphological change in developing chick retina.
07:32
Assessment of Vascular Regeneration in the CNS Using the Mouse Retina
0 Views •
Cited by 7 •
2014
The rodent retina has long been recognized as an accessible window to the brain. In this technical paper we provide a protocol that employs the mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy to study the mechanisms that lead to failure of vascular regeneration within the central nervous system after ischemic injury. The described system can also be harnessed to explore strategies to promote regrowth of functional blood vessels within the retina and CNS.
06:34
Using the Electroretinogram to Assess Function in the Rodent Retina and the Protective Effects of Remote Limb Ischemic Preconditioning
0 Views •
Cited by 22 •
2015
The electroretinogram (ERG) is an electrical potential generated by the retina in response to light. This paper describes how to use the ERG to assess retinal function, in dark-adapted rats, and how it can be can be used to assess a neuroprotective intervention, in the present case remote ischemic preconditioning.
FAQs
The first stage of retinal signaling occurs when rods and cones absorb incoming light and change their electrical activity. That change provides an input for interconnected retinal neurons, which refine the signal before ganglion cells carry it through their axons toward the optic nerve. This sequence links photoreceptor responses with the organized output required for visual detection.
Rods and cones provide two photoreceptor populations that respond to incoming light and contribute to retinal signaling. Their activity supports visual capabilities including detection of form, color, movement, and changes in brightness. Evaluating these photoreceptor systems is clinically relevant when investigating photoreceptor degeneration, even though their individual contributions are not interchangeable in retinal assessment.
Interconnected retinal neurons refine the electrical information generated by photoreceptors before it reaches ganglion cells. Ganglion cell axons then transmit the processed output through the optic nerve. This intermediate processing matters because clinical impairment may arise within photoreceptors, retinal neural circuits, or the optic pathway, producing different points of failure along the visual signaling route.
Clinicians can combine electroretinography, fundus imaging, and visual field testing to investigate retinal performance. These assessments can reveal functional impairment and provide evidence relevant to photoreceptor degeneration, retinal vascular disease, or optic pathway damage. Their findings help support diagnosis and can also be used to monitor whether treatment outcomes correspond with changes in visual function.
Electroretinography is useful for detecting functional impairment within the visual signaling system. Because retinal function depends on photoreceptor activity and subsequent neural processing, abnormal findings can contribute to evaluation of conditions such as photoreceptor degeneration and retinal vascular disease. In clinical follow-up, electroretinography may also help monitor treatment outcomes alongside other retinal assessments.
Fundus imaging and visual field testing provide clinical evidence that complements functional assessment of the retina and visual pathway. Used with electroretinography, they can help identify impairment associated with retinal vascular disease, photoreceptor degeneration, or optic pathway damage. The combined information supports diagnosis and gives clinicians ways to track functional changes during treatment monitoring.