Traverse Sides
Traverse Sides - Related Videos
01:12
Adjusting a Traverse
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2025
In the site survey of a four-sided traverse, internal angles are essential to ensure geometric accuracy. The survey revealed that the sum of the measured internal angles was 359 degrees and 48 minutes, which is 12 minutes less than the expected 360 degrees. This discrepancy signals an error likely arising from measurement inaccuracies during the fieldwork.To rectify this error, the adjustment process involved distributing the 12-minute shortfall equally across the four internal angles. By...
01:25
Design Example: Traverse Angle Computations
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2025
Traverse angle computations are a critical component of surveying, used to compute the internal angles within a closed traverse. A traverse consists of a series of connected lines forming a closed loop, often used for land boundary delineation or mapping. Calculating the internal angles ensures accuracy in the traverse geometry and is essential for checking survey data integrity.The process begins with known azimuths and bearings of the traverse sides. Internal angles at each vertex are...
06:26
Analyzing the Permeability of the Blood-Brain Barrier by Microbial Traversal through Microvascular Endothelial Cells
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Cited by 6 •
2020
The human blood-brain barrier selectively prevents penetration of hydrophilic molecules and pathogens into the brain. Several pathologies, including meningitis and postoperative delirium, are associated with an increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier. Here, we describe an endothelial cell culture model to test the barrier permeability by microbial traversal.
08:14
Measuring Spray Droplet Size from Agricultural Nozzles Using Laser Diffraction
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Cited by 30 •
2016
We present protocols to be used in the measurement of spray droplet size from agricultural nozzles used in both aerial and ground based agrochemical applications. These methods presented were developed to provide consistent and repeatable droplet size data both inter- and intra-laboratory, when using laser diffraction systems.
09:05
Balance and Coordination Testing
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2023
Balance and coordination are critical components involved in the control of movement. Many sensory receptors and neural processing units are required to help individuals maintain balance while performing various activities. Deficits in balance and coordination occur in patients suffering from movement disorders or due to aging. Therefore, scientists are trying to understand the pathophysiology behind these conditions. One way to do that is by using rodent models and testing them on behavioral...
FAQs
Each traverse side contributes a distance and a horizontal direction, expressed as a bearing or azimuth. Together, these observations determine the coordinate changes from one station to the next. Applying those changes successively allows engineers to calculate station positions, connect field observations to a coordinate framework, and establish the geometric basis for mapping or layout.
A side length alone indicates separation between stations but not the direction of movement across the ground. A bearing or azimuth supplies that directional relationship, allowing the measured distance to be resolved into coordinate changes. Consistent horizontal directions are therefore essential for correctly positioning successive stations and for producing a coherent traverse geometry.
Coordinate misclosure shows how far the computed endpoint fails to agree with the expected closing position after the measured sides are combined. It provides a way to assess the consistency of the observations rather than treating the calculated coordinates as automatically exact. Engineers can then evaluate and adjust the traverse before relying on its positions.
Errors in either the measured length or horizontal direction can alter the coordinate change assigned to a side. Because those changes are carried from station to station, inaccuracies can affect the final station positions and the closure assessment. Careful observations and appropriate error adjustment improve the reliability of maps, construction positioning, and engineering control.
Engineers establish successive stations, measure the length of each connecting side, and observe its horizontal direction as a bearing or azimuth. They combine these observations to compute coordinate changes and station positions. For a closed traverse, the computed closure is assessed, and the results can be adjusted before the coordinates support mapping, design, or field positioning.
The process begins by comparing the computed closing position with the expected one to identify coordinate misclosure. The traverse observations or resulting coordinates are then adjusted so the network provides a consistent positional framework. The overview supports adjustment as a necessary response to misclosure, but the specific allocation procedure depends on the surveying method being applied.
Traverse sides support several engineering tasks that require reliable relative positions on the ground. Route surveys use them to establish alignment-related control, while boundary definition uses the measured framework to locate limits. Construction layout and control networks also depend on the resulting coordinates for field positioning, mapping, and design-related measurements.