Immune Phenotyping
Immune Phenotyping - Related Videos
05:42
A Barcoding Assay for Phenotypic and Functional Characterization of Immune Cells
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2025
This video highlights a single-cell proteomic method that employs heavy-metal-conjugated antibodies for distinct cell barcoding. Subsequently, immunostaining and mass cytometry are applied to evaluate immune phenotypic and functional alterations in human whole blood-derived immune cells.
10:12
Systemic Bacterial Infection and Immune Defense Phenotypes in Drosophila Melanogaster
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Cited by 69 •
2015
Drosophila melanogaster is an outstanding model organism for studying innate immune systems and the physiological consequences of infection and disease. This protocol describes how to deliver robust and quantitatively repeatable bacterial infections to D. melanogaster, and how to subsequently measure infection severity and quantify the host immune response.
15:39
Studying Organelle Dynamics in B Cells During Immune Synapse Formation
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Cited by 8 •
2019
Herein we describe two approaches to characterize cell polarization events in B lymphocytes during the formation of an IS. The first, involves quantification of organelle recruitment and cytoskeleton rearrangements at the synaptic membrane. The second is a biochemical approach, to characterize changes in composition of the centrosome, which undergoes polarization to the immune synapse.
07:35
A Non-invasive Way to Isolate and Phenotype Cells from the Conjunctiva
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Cited by 5 •
2017
The exposed normal ocular surface consists of cornea and conjunctiva. Epithelial cells, goblet cells and immune cells are present in the conjunctiva. Here, a non-invasive, technique of impression cytology is described using an impression cytology device and flow cytometry to analyze immune cells in the conjunctiva.
01:38
What is the Immune System?
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2019
Overview The immune system comprises diverse biological structures and processes that protect the body from disease. These processes can be classified into innate and adaptive immunity. To work effectively, the immune system needs to detect pathogens by distinguishing the body’s own structures from foreign elements. If this determination fails, autoimmune diseases occur in which the immune system reacts against the body’s own tissue. The Innate Immune System Acts Fast and Non-specifically
FAQs
Using several markers simultaneously allows researchers to separate immune cells that may share one characteristic but differ in others. Fluorescently labeled antibodies bind selected surface or intracellular proteins, and flow cytometry records those signals for individual cells. The resulting combinations produce more specific population assignments than relying on a single marker, helping reveal cellular heterogeneity within an immune response.
Changes in proportions show whether particular lymphocyte subsets have increased or decreased representation, while activation states indicate how those cells are responding. Together, these measurements add context to a profile: a shift can be associated with host responses to pathogens, disease-related immune organization, or treatment effects. Examining both dimensions therefore helps researchers interpret immune changes rather than treating population counts alone as the complete result.
Surface markers help distinguish cell populations, whereas intracellular proteins add information not represented at the cell boundary. Measuring both types enables a profile to connect cellular identity with functional state. In infection and immunology studies, this broader view can clarify whether changes reflect altered subset composition, activation, or inflammatory patterns, providing more context than either surface or intracellular measurements alone.
The workflow centers on labeling immune cells with fluorescently labeled antibodies directed at selected surface or intracellular proteins. Flow cytometry then examines cells individually and records the marker combinations present on each cell. Researchers can use these signals to distinguish populations, estimate their proportions, and identify activation or inflammatory patterns. This connects molecular measurements with a structured cellular profile.
In infection research, profiles can track how host immune responses change in the presence of pathogens and can be compared with profiles from healthy or diseased systems. In vaccine studies, the same measurements help evaluate immune responses by examining changes in cell populations, activation states, or inflammatory patterns. These comparisons provide a cellular basis for assessing how immune organization differs across conditions.
Treatment monitoring can use immune profiles to reveal shifts in lymphocyte subsets, activation states, or inflammatory patterns. These measurable changes may help researchers relate an intervention to altered immune-system organization, while comparisons across healthy and diseased systems can highlight candidate differences associated with disease. In this way, phenotyping data can contribute to biomarker development without reducing the response to a single measurement.