Cardiac Function Indices
Cardiac Function Indices - Related Videos
08:28
Methods for ECG Evaluation of Indicators of Cardiac Risk, and Susceptibility to Aconitine-induced Arrhythmias in Rats Following Status Epilepticus
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Cited by 3 •
2011
Techniques for measurement of electrical activity of the heart by electrocardiogram (ECG), and analysis of cardiac risk factors and susceptibility to arrhythmias following status epilepticus (SE) in the rat are described.
07:26
Isolation of Functional Cardiac Immune Cells
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Cited by 9 •
2011
This method for isolating functional immune cells from the heart provides an alternative to the conventional methods of collagenase digestion, which causes unwanted immune cell activation, resulting in a decreased responsiveness of these cells. Our method of isolation yields functional cardiac immune cells by avoiding problems associated with enzymatic digestion.
02:39
Indicators
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2020
Certain organic substances change color in dilute solution when the hydronium ion concentration reaches a particular value. For example, phenolphthalein is a colorless substance in any aqueous solution with a hydronium ion concentration greater than 5.0 × 10−9 M (pH < 8.3). In more basic solutions where the hydronium ion concentration is less than 5.0 × 10−9 M (pH > 8.3), it is red or pink. Substances such as phenolphthalein, which can be used to determine the pH of a solution, are called...
11:38
Assessment of Cardiac Function and Energetics in Isolated Mouse Hearts Using 31P NMR Spectroscopy
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Cited by 36 •
2010
Langendorff-mode isolated heart perfusion, in conjunction with 31P NMR spectroscopy, combines the fields of biochemistry and physiology into one experiment. The protocol allows for the dynamic measurement of high energy phosphate content and turnover in the heart while concurrently monitoring physiologic function. When performed correctly, this is a valuable technique in the assessment of cardiac energetics.
07:39
Cardiac Exam I: Inspection and Palpation
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2023
Source: Suneel Dhand, MD, Attending Physician, Internal Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center The cardiac assessment is one of the core examinations performed by almost every physician whenever encountering a patient. Disorders of the cardiac system are among the most common reasons for hospital admission, with conditions ranging from myocardial infarction to congestive heart failure. Learning a complete and thorough cardiac examination is therefore crucial for any practicing physician.
FAQs
Cardiac output is calculated by multiplying heart rate by stroke volume, so it reflects both the frequency of beating and the amount ejected with each beat. A change in either component can alter overall blood delivery, even when the other remains unchanged. Examining both values helps clarify whether altered output reflects rate, ejection, or their combined effect.
Ejection fraction compares the blood expelled during systole with the ventricle’s blood volume, expressing the result as a proportion. Because it focuses on emptying during contraction, it is particularly useful for evaluating systolic performance. Clinicians can interpret it alongside other indices to determine whether impaired pumping is primarily related to contraction rather than filling.
Systolic assessment emphasizes ventricular contraction and blood ejection, whereas diastolic assessment emphasizes filling and the pressures associated with that filling. Ventricular volumes, ejection-related measures, and intracardiac pressure therefore provide complementary information. Considering these measurements together helps clinicians distinguish a problem with expelling blood from one involving ventricular filling.
Each index describes a different part of cardiovascular performance. Heart rate and stroke volume determine cardiac output, ejection fraction emphasizes systolic emptying, and intracardiac pressure contributes information about filling. Combining them gives a more complete assessment than any single measurement, supporting clearer identification of dysfunction, disease progression, and changes associated with treatment.
Derivation requires quantitative measurements selected according to the aspect of performance being examined. Ventricular volumes support ejection-related calculations, heart rate and stroke volume support cardiac output, and blood flow or intracardiac pressure adds information about circulation and filling. Using these measured variables converts cardiac performance into standardized parameters for comparison and follow-up.
Clinicians can repeat these measures over time to track disease progression and evaluate whether treatment changes cardiac performance. Trends in pumping, filling, blood delivery, or pressure may reveal improvement or deterioration even when a single value provides limited context. The same indices also support risk assessment and research evaluating cardiovascular therapies.