Pharyngeal Pumping
Pharyngeal Pumping - Related Videos
01:30
Acute Pharyngitis
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2025
Introduction Acute pharyngitis is the inflammation of the back of the throat (pharynx), commonly resulting in a sore throat. It is a frequently encountered condition that prompts individuals to seek medical advice. Classification Acute pharyngitis can be categorized based on its underlying cause: • Viral: Accounting for 40% to 60% of cases, viral infections are the most prevalent cause. Common cold viruses, influenza, adenovirus, and Epstein-Barr virus (mononucleosis) are among the most...
01:23
Chronic Pharyngitis
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2025
Chronic pharyngitis refers to persistent inflammation of the pharyngial mucosa. Etiology It often arises from persistent viral or bacterial infections affecting sinuses and tonsils. Additional contributing factors include inadequate dental hygiene, mouth breathing, recurring tonsillitis, allergic rhinitis, laryngopharyngeal reflux, and exposure to smoke, chemicals, and other environmental pollutants. Allergic reactions to pollen, mold, and pet dander, chronic cough, excessive voice usage,...
01:27
Streptococcal Pharyngitis
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2026
Streptococcal pharyngitis, commonly known as “strep throat,” is an acute infection of the oropharyngeal tissues caused by the Gram‑positive Group A Streptococcus (Streptococcus pyogenes). Transmission occurs primarily through respiratory droplets expelled during coughing, sneezing, or talking.Mechanisms of Host Entry and Immune EvasionUpon entering the host, S. pyogenes adheres to the mucosal epithelial cells of the pharynx via surface proteins, notably lipoteichoic acid and the antiphagocytic...
07:04
Ex Vivo Culture of Pharyngeal Arches to Study Heart and Muscle Progenitors and Their Niche
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Cited by 5 •
2015
Here, we present a protocol to culture pharyngeal arches to study the biology of heart and muscle progenitor cells and their microenvironment.
01:30
ATP Driven Pumps III: V-type Pumps
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2023
V-type pumps are ATP-driven pumps found in the vacuolar membranes of plants, yeast, endosomal and lysosomal membranes of animal cells, plasma membranes of a few specialized eukaryotic cells, and some prokaryotes. They are also known as the V1Vo-ATPase, that couple ATP hydrolysis to transport protons against a concentration gradient. The peripheral or cytosolic V1 domain with eight subunits is involved in ATP hydrolysis. The integral or transmembrane V0 domain containing at least five subunits...
FAQs
Repeated pumping depends on coordinated activity between the muscular pharynx and its motor neurons. Their interaction produces contractions that can be counted over time and examined for regularity or changes in pattern. This coordination makes pharyngeal pumping useful for connecting activity in neural circuits with an observable motor behavior in C. elegans.
Sensory and neuromodulatory signals adjust the pumping rate according to physiological conditions. Rather than functioning as an isolated muscle rhythm, the pharynx responds to information linked with the animal’s internal state. Measuring these rate changes helps investigators study how nervous-system signals modify feeding-related motor output.
Pumping occurs rapidly and can be quantified as frequency or pattern, giving researchers a behavioral readout that changes under different biological conditions. Because the output is measurable, investigators can relate altered pumping to neural-circuit function, motor control, or communication between neurons and muscle without relying only on less direct observations.
A change in frequency may indicate altered regulation of the pharyngeal motor system, while a change in pattern can provide information about coordination of the behavior. Examining both measures allows researchers to distinguish general changes in pumping from changes in how neural and muscular components organize repeated contractions.
Researchers can measure pumping frequency and patterns in experimental C. elegans populations to assess how genetic changes or aging affect feeding-related motor behavior. The resulting behavioral measurements provide an outcome for comparing conditions and identifying effects on neural circuits, muscle control, or their communication over the course of an experiment.
Investigators can compare pumping frequency and patterns before or after pharmacological or environmental changes. Differences in the measured behavior provide a quantifiable response to those conditions and can help evaluate their effects on neural signaling, motor control, or feeding-related physiology. This makes the assay relevant for controlled neuroscience experiments involving altered conditions.