Name: stramenopile algae: diatoms, golden, brown
Uploaded: 2025-06-12T06:31:27.000Z
Duration: 1 min 19 s
Channel: JoVE

Le diatomee, le alghe dorate e le alghe brune formano un altro gruppo di alghe, filogeneticamente classificate come Stramenopile.Le diatomee sono organismi unicellulari e fotosintetici che si trovano in ambienti marini e d'acqua dolce.Possiedono una struttura protettiva chiamata frustolo, una parete cellulare a base di silice con proteine e polisaccaridi.I frustoli formano anche varie forme intricate, mostrando motivi pennati o radialmente simmetrici.Le alghe dorate, o crisofite, sono organismi fototrofici in ambienti marini e d'acqua dolce.Alcune specie, come gli Ochromonas, sono unicellulari, mentre le specie di Dinobryon formano colonie.Il loro colore dorato è dovuto al pigmento cloroplasto fucoxantina e usano principalmente la clorofilla c per la fotosintesi.Le alghe brune sono specie esclusivamente marine e interamente pluricellulari.Molte alghe brune possono raggiungere grandi dimensioni. Il fucus, un'alga comune nelle zone intertidali, può crescere fino a 2 metri, mentre le alghe giganti, come il Macrocystis, possono crescere fino a 50 metri.

altre alghe

Other Algae

Il gruppo degli Stramenopili comprende alcuni microrganismi fototrofi. I membri di questo gruppo possiedono flagelli ricoperti da numerose estensioni corte simili a peli, una caratteristica che ha ispirato il nome del gruppo, derivato dalle parole latine per &#8220;paglia&#8221; e &#8220;capello&#8221;. Alcune delle principali categorie di Stramenopili includono le diatomee, le alghe dorate e le alghe brune.
Le diatomee sono eucarioti unicellulari fotosintetici, con oltre 200 generi conosciuti. Svolgono un ruolo fondamentale nelle comunit&#224; planctoniche sia marine sia d&#8217;acqua dolce. Una caratteristica distintiva delle diatomee &#232; la parete cellulare composta da silice, rinforzata con proteine e polisaccaridi. Questa struttura protettiva, detta frustulo, aiuta a scoraggiare i predatori e rimane intatta anche dopo la decomposizione della cellula. I frustuli delle diatomee presentano una variet&#224; di forme complesse e spesso mostrano schemi simmetrici. Alcune specie possiedono simmetria pennata, mentre altre mostrano simmetria radiale. Grazie alla loro composizione silicea, queste strutture possono persistere per milioni di anni nei sedimenti. Di conseguenza, i fossili di diatomee sono tra gli esempi di antichi eucarioti unicellulari meglio conservati, con prove che ne indicano la comparsa circa 200 milioni di anni fa.
Le alghe dorate e le alghe brune rappresentano altri rami principali degli Stramenopili. Le alghe dorate, o crisofite, si trovano prevalentemente in ambienti marini e d&#8217;acqua dolce, dove agiscono come organismi fototrofi. Alcune specie possono anche nutrirsi di materiale organico tramite fagocitosi o assorbendo composti disciolti. Sebbene la maggior parte delle alghe dorate sia unicellulare e mobile, alcune, come Dinobryon, formano colonie. Il loro colore dorato-bruno deriva dalla presenza del pigmento carotenoide fucoxantina. Invece della clorofilla a, comune in molti altri organismi fotosintetici, le alghe dorate utilizzano principalmente clorofilla c, e non possiedono le ficobiliproteine tipiche delle alghe rosse. Un esempio ben studiato di questo gruppo &#232; Ochromonas, una specie unicellulare che possiede uno o due cloroplasti per cellula.
Le alghe brune, invece, sono esclusivamente marine e completamente pluricellulari, senza rappresentanti unicellulari conosciuti. Molte alghe brune sono macroscopiche, e alcune specie raggiungono dimensioni notevoli. Le macroalghe giganti, come Macrocystis, possono crescere fino a 50 metri di lunghezza, mentre Fucus, un&#8217;alga comune delle zone intertidali, pu&#242; raggiungere i 2 metri. Il colore bruno o bruno-verde di queste alghe dipende dalla concentrazione di fucoxantina presente nelle loro cellule. Le alghe brune sono tra le macroalghe marine pi&#249; abbondanti e, in alcune regioni costiere, la loro crescita rapida pu&#242; creare problemi quando grandi quantit&#224; vengono trascinate a riva e decomposte, provocando odori sgradevoli.

Altre Alghe

Il gruppo degli Stramenopili comprende alcuni microrganismi fototrofi. I membri di questo gruppo possiedono flagelli ricoperti da numerose estensioni ...

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stramenopile algae: diatoms, golden, brown

Stramenopile algae include diatoms, golden algae, and brown algae. These phototrophic microorganisms have flagella with many short, hairlike extensions. That feature gave the group its name, which comes from Latin words meaning “straw” and “hair.”

Diatoms are unicellular, photosynthetic eukaryotes, and more than 200 genera are known. They are important parts of plankton in both marine and freshwater ecosystems. Their most distinctive feature is a silica-based cell wall called a frustule. This wall is reinforced with proteins and polysaccharides and helps protect the cell from predators. Frustules also stay intact after the cell dies, and their intricate shapes often show pinnate or radial symmetry. Because they are made of silica, they can persist in sediment for millions of years. Diatom fossils are among the best-preserved fossils of ancient unicellular eukaryotes, and the group likely appeared about 200 million years ago.

Golden algae, also called chrysophytes, live mainly in marine and freshwater environments. They are phototrophs, but some species can also take in organic material by phagocytosis or by absorbing dissolved compounds. Most golden algae are unicellular and motile, although some, such as Dinobryon, form colonies. Their golden-brown color comes from the pigment fucoxanthin. They use chlorophyll c rather than chlorophyll a, and they lack the phycobiliproteins found in red algae. Ochromonas is a well-studied unicellular example, and it usually has one or two chloroplasts per cell.

Brown algae are different from the other groups because they are exclusively marine and multicellular. No unicellular brown algae are known. Many are large enough to see easily, and some grow to impressive sizes. Giant kelp, such as Macrocystis, can reach up to 50 meters in length, while Fucus, a common intertidal seaweed, can grow up to 2 meters. Their brown or greenish-brown color depends on how much fucoxanthin is present in the cells. Brown algae are among the most common marine seaweeds, and in some coastal areas, large amounts wash ashore and decompose, creating a bad smell.

Stramenopile Algae: Diatoms, Golden, Brown

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red algae

Red Algae Pigments, Shapes, and Uses

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green algae

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other algae

Stramenopile algae include diatoms, golden algae, and brown algae. These phototrophic microorganisms have flagella with many short, hairlike extensions. That feature gave the group its name, which comes from Latin words meaning “straw” and “hair.” Diatoms are unicellular, photosynthetic eukaryotes, and more than 200 genera are known. They are important parts of plankton in both marine and freshwater ecosystems. Their most distinctive feature is a silica-based cell wall called a frustule. This...

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diversity of protists i

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diversity of protists ii

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diversity of protists iii

Rhizaria: Pseudopods, Tests, and Skeletons

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diversity of protists iv

Amoebozoa: Movement and Life Cycles

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key terms and concepts

Learn how diatoms, golden algae, and brown algae differ in structure, pigments, habitats, and size, from silica frustules to giant kelp.

Stramenopile Algae: Diatoms, Golden, Brown | JoVE K12

JoVE Core Microbiology provides an engaging introduction to the microbial world and its influence on health, industry, and the environment. This comprehensive collection covers key concepts such as microbial structure, metabolism, genetics, and ecology. It introduces essential laboratory techniques and microscopy methods through visually engaging animations. Corresponding scientist-in-action videos bridge classroom concepts with real-world research and applications.

microbiology

Stramenopile Algae: Diatoms, Golden, Brown

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