Lytic Cell Death
Lytic Cell Death - Related Videos
01:30
Lytic Cycle of Bacteriophages
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2019
Bacteriophages, also known as phages, are specialized viruses that infect bacteria. A key characteristic of phages is their distinctive “head-tail” morphology. A phage begins the infection process (i.e., lytic cycle) by attaching to the outside of a bacterial cell. Attachment is accomplished via proteins in the phage tail that bind to specific receptor proteins on the outer surface of the bacterium. The tail injects the phage’s DNA genome into the bacterial cytoplasm. In the lytic replication...
10:06
An Introduction to Cell Death
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2023
Necrosis, apoptosis, and autophagic cell death are all manners in which cells can die, and these mechanisms can be induced by different stimuli, such as cell injury, low nutrient levels, or signaling proteins. Whereas necrosis is considered to be an “accidental” or unexpected form of cell death, evidence exists that apoptosis and autophagy are both programmed and “planned” by cells.In this introductory video, JoVE highlights key discoveries pertaining to cell death, including recent work done...
06:49
Visualization of Macrophage Lytic Cell Death During Mycobacterial Infection in Zebrafish Embryos via Intravital Microscopy
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Cited by 16 •
2019
This protocol describes a technique for visualizing macrophage behavior and death in embryonic zebrafish during Mycobacterium marinum infection. Steps for the preparation of bacteria, infection of the embryos, and intravital microscopy are included. This technique may be applied to the observation of cellular behavior and death in similar scenarios involving infection or sterile inflammation.
07:10
Establishment and Quantification of De Novo Lytic Infection by Cell-free Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus
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2025
This protocol describes an in vitro system to model de novo lytic infection of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus using BAC16-derived virions. The method enables investigation of early viral replication and dissemination. Infectious virus production is quantified by GFP-based infectious units assays and real-time PCR of encapsidated viral genomes.
02:29
Live Imaging of Macrophage Cell Death During Mycobacterial Infection in Zebrafish Embryos
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2026
Source: Niu, L., et al. Visualization of Macrophage Lytic Cell Death During Mycobacterial Infection in Zebrafish Embryos via Intravital Microscopy. J. Vis. Exp. (2019)This video demonstrates the use of intravital confocal microscopy to visualize macrophage lytic cell death in zebrafish embryos following Mycobacterium marinum infection.
FAQs
The process advances when plasma membrane injury exceeds the cell’s repair capacity. Pore formation disrupts the normal separation between the cell interior and its surroundings, producing ion imbalance and osmotic swelling. As damage accumulates, the membrane loses structural stability and breaks down, creating a transition from localized injury to complete cellular rupture.
Pores provide pathways through which membrane separation can fail, while ion imbalance changes the conditions that normally preserve cell volume and internal organization. Water movement associated with this imbalance promotes swelling, increasing mechanical stress on the damaged membrane. These linked events help explain why membrane injury can culminate in rapid rupture rather than recovery.
The key distinction is whether the plasma membrane remains intact during the death process. Lytic cell death is associated with membrane breakdown and release of intracellular contents, whereas apoptosis represents a non-lytic pathway in the comparison provided. This difference matters because released cellular material can engage immune receptors and promote inflammation.
Rupture releases intracellular molecules into the surrounding tissue, where they can activate immune receptors. This signaling can promote inflammation, connecting events at the damaged cell to broader tissue responses. Consequently, lytic death may contribute to host defense when harmful agents are involved, but it can also participate in tissue injury and disease.
In infection-related biology, the consequences of membrane rupture are important because released intracellular contents can activate immune receptors and promote inflammation. Studying this relationship helps researchers connect cellular membrane damage with host-defense responses. It also clarifies how a form of cell death may produce effects that extend beyond the individual cell into surrounding tissue.
Research on this process helps evaluate how harmful cells might be eliminated and how membrane disruption influences surrounding tissue. Its relevance extends to cancer studies, where cell-death mechanisms are important, and to therapies designed to remove harmful cells. The same work also requires attention to inflammation, because cellular contents released during rupture can affect nearby tissue.