Ethical Theories

Today, scientists agree that good research is ethical in nature and is guided by a basic respect for human dignity and safety. However, this has not always been the case. Modern researchers must demonstrate that the research they perform is ethically sound. Research Involving Human Participants Any experiment involving the participation of human subjects is governed by extensive, strict guidelines designed to ensure that the experiment does not result in harm. Any research institution that...

Source: Laboratories of Gary Lewandowski, Dave Strohmetz, and Natalie Ciarocco—Monmouth University When a researcher finds an interesting topic to study such as aggression, the goal is often to study it in a way that is as true to life as possible. However, researchers must act in an ethical manner. To do this, they must balance their research goals with the best interests of the participants. Ethics often enter into the planning process when researchers identify all of the ways they can...

Plagiarism is the presentation of another person’s words, ideas, or data as one’s own without appropriate acknowledgment. It is a serious violation of academic integrity because it misrepresents authorship and undermines the trust on which scholarly communication depends. In research and academic writing, proper attribution is not optional; it is a fundamental ethical requirement that ensures transparency and accountability. Forms of Plagiarism Plagiarism can happen in both obvious and subtle...

Ethics in the financial and investment industry encompass the principles and standards that guide behavior, addressing moral questions of right and wrong. It goes beyond adhering to legal requirements, recognizing that actions may be lawful but still unethical, such as exploiting tax loopholes or misusing company resources. Ethical challenges often arise in relationships between analysts and investors, employers and employees, and organizations and clients. Common issues include insider...

Source: Laboratory of Jonathan Flombaum—Johns Hopkins University What’s the value of a dollar? Currencies store value to facilitate trade. Implied in any economic transaction is the value of a unit of currency. But what is the subjective value of a dollar? For a long time, economists assumed the answer to this question to be, specifically, that a dollar has a value determined by the market and that the subjective value of a dollar is always that, more or less. Beginning in the early 1970s,...