Array Hybridization
Array Hybridization - Related Videos
09:16
Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization (Array CGH) for Detection of Genomic Copy Number Variants
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Cited by 7 •
2015
Array CGH for the detection of genomic copy number variants has replaced G-banded karyotype analysis. This paper describes the technology and its application in a diagnostic service laboratory.
09:27
DNA Microarrays: Sample Quality Control, Array Hybridization and Scanning
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Cited by 10 •
2011
We demonstrate the use of DNA microarrays for expression profiling of the nervous system. We describe RNA quality control, sample labeling, and array hybridization and scanning.
16:37
Technical Demonstration of Whole Genome Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization
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Cited by 5 •
2008
This video is a technical demonstration of the hybridization protocol for whole genome tiling path array CGH, which scans the entire human genome using only 25-100 ng of DNA that can be isolated from a variety of sources, including archival formalin fixed material.
03:35
Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals II
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2020
sp3d and sp3d 2 Hybridization To describe the five bonding orbitals in a trigonal bipyramidal arrangement, we must use five of the valence shell atomic orbitals (the s orbital, the three p orbitals, and one of the d orbitals), which gives five sp3d hybrid orbitals. With an octahedral arrangement of six hybrid orbitals, we must use six valence shell atomic orbitals (the s orbital, the three p orbitals, and two of the d orbitals in its valence shell), which gives six sp3d 2 hybrid orbitals.
03:24
Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals I
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2020
The mathematical expression known as the wave function, ψ, contains information about each orbital and the wavelike properties of electrons in an isolated atom. When atoms are bound together in a molecule, the wave functions combine to produce new mathematical descriptions that have different shapes. This process of combining the wave functions for atomic orbitals is called hybridization and is mathematically accomplished by the linear combination of atomic orbitals. The new orbitals that...
FAQs
Complementary base pairing acts as the sequence-selection step. A labeled DNA or RNA target binds to an immobilized probe when its sequence matches the probe, while unrelated targets do not generate the corresponding matched signal. This relationship lets researchers associate each measured signal with a particular nucleic acid sequence represented on the array.
Signal intensity is interpreted as a relative measure of the matching DNA or RNA target present in the sample. It therefore supports comparisons among samples or conditions rather than automatically providing an absolute count of molecules. Stronger or weaker signals can reveal relative differences in sequence abundance, including changes associated with development.
Immobilizing many probes in a high-density layout permits numerous sequences to be examined within the same molecular measurement. Each probe provides a location for a matching target, so the resulting pattern of signals represents a broad profile rather than an observation of one sequence alone. This multiplexed design is valuable when developmental changes involve many genes.
Researchers begin with DNA or RNA targets that carry a detectable label, allow them to bind to complementary immobilized probes, and then examine the resulting array signals. They organize those measurements by tissue, developmental stage, or experimental condition, using relative signal differences to identify sequences whose abundance changes between the selected comparisons.
Array hybridization can reveal differences between tissues, developmental stages, and experimental conditions by placing their sequence-abundance patterns in a common comparison. Such contrasts help identify genes that vary as development proceeds or as tissues acquire different characteristics. The resulting profiles can therefore connect molecular changes with specific transitions in developmental state.
Patterns of changing signal across developmental samples can highlight groups of genes associated with cell differentiation, tissue formation, or broader developmental change. Researchers can use these coordinated expression patterns to propose regulatory networks and molecular pathways for further study. The technique therefore links sequence-level measurements with biological processes that shape developing tissues.