Time Of Flight Mass Spectrometer
Time Of Flight Mass Spectrometer - Related Videos
01:16
Mass Spectrometers
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2024
This lesson details the instrumentation of a mass spectrometer—a physical instrument to perform mass spectrometry on analyte molecules and record the characteristic mass spectra. This is achieved via three chief functions: Conversion of the gas-phase analyte atoms/molecules into a beam of positive or negative charged ions by ionization. Separation of the charged species based on their mass-to-charge ratio. Recording the relative abundance of each type of ion. In the ionization chamber of...
11:44
Qualitative Characterization of the Aqueous Fraction from Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Algae Using 2D Gas Chromatography with Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry
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Cited by 9 •
2016
A two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry method is described for characterization of the aqueous fraction of bio-crude produced from hydrothermal liquefaction of algae. This protocol can also be employed to analyze the aqueous fraction of liquid products from fast pyrolysis, catalytic fast pyrolysis, catalytic deoxygenation and hydro-treating.
07:42
A Simple Flight Mill for the Study of Tethered Flight in Insects
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Cited by 37 •
2015
Flight in insects is influenced by a number of factors and the propensity to disperse is an important variable in understanding insect ecology and biological control strategies. We describe the construction and use of a simple, relatively inexpensive, and flexible flight mill for measuring parameters of tethered flight in insects.
07:49
Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time of Flight (MALDI-TOF) Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Intact Proteins Larger than 100 kDa
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Cited by 63 •
2013
Accurate mass measurement represents an important step during the investigation of proteins. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry (MS) can be used for such determination and its key advantage is the tolerance to salts, detergents and contaminants. Here we illustrate an accessible approach for the analysis of proteins larger than 100 kDa by MALDI-MS.
08:36
Real-time Flight Control: Embedded Sensor Calibration and Data Acquisition
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2023
Source: Ella M. Atkins, Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI Overview Autopilot allows aircraft to be stabilized using data collected from onboard sensors that measure the aircraft’s orientation, angular velocity, and airspeed. These quantities can be adjusted by the autopilot so that the aircraft automatically follows a flight plan from launch (takeoff) through recovery (landing). Similar sensor data is collected to control all types of aircraft, from...
FAQs
The acceleration stage gives ions similar kinetic energies so their later movement through the flight tube primarily reflects mass-to-charge ratio. Under these conditions, ions with lower mass relative to their charge travel faster, while ions with higher mass relative to charge arrive later. This controlled separation allows arrival time to provide useful analytical information.
Charge influences how strongly an ion responds to the accelerating electric field and therefore affects its mass-to-charge ratio. For ions with comparable masses, a higher charge can produce a higher charge-to-mass ratio and a faster trip through the field-free region. The detector therefore distinguishes ions according to both mass and charge, not mass alone.
The flight tube provides a field-free path in which accelerated ions separate according to their travel speeds. The detector records when the separated ions arrive, converting differences in transit time into information about mass-to-charge ratios. Because ions reach the detector at different times, the instrument can distinguish components within a chemically complex sample.
Separation depends chiefly on the ions’ mass-to-charge ratios and on the acceleration that establishes their initial kinetic energies. Differences in mass or charge produce different travel speeds through the field-free tube, while consistent acceleration makes those differences easier to interpret. The resulting arrival-time pattern determines how effectively the instrument distinguishes ionic components.
A typical measurement begins by ionizing the sample, then applying an electric field to accelerate the resulting ions. The ions enter the field-free flight tube, where they separate as they travel at different speeds. Finally, the detector records their arrival times, allowing the measured pattern to support identification and measurement of the sample’s ionic components.
Arrival-time data can be related to mass-to-charge ratios, helping identify and measure ions present in a sample. This supports recognition of unknown compounds, determination of chemical composition, and observation of changes in complex materials. The method’s broad mass range is especially useful when a sample contains components that differ substantially in mass.
Engineers apply TOF analysis to characterize materials, examine polymers and surfaces, and monitor chemical composition. The technique also supports investigations involving semiconductors, aerospace materials or systems, and environmental samples. Its rapid measurements help track compositional changes, while its broad mass range provides access to diverse ionic components in complex engineering-related samples.