Patient Sample Analysis
Patient Sample Analysis - Related Videos
06:14
Optimized LC-MS/MS Method for the High-throughput Analysis of Clinical Samples of Ivacaftor, Its Major Metabolites, and Lumacaftor in Biological Fluids of Cystic Fibrosis Patients
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Cited by 18 •
2017
Ivacaftor and ivacaftor-lumacaftor combination are two new CF drugs. However, there is still a dearth of understanding on their PK/PD and pharmacology. We present an optimized HPLC-MS technique for the simultaneous analysis of ivacaftor and its major metabolites, and lumacaftor.
10:16
Protocol for Microplastics Sampling on the Sea Surface and Sample Analysis
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Cited by 186 •
2016
The protocol below describes the methodology for: microplastics sampling on the sea surface, separation of microplastic and chemical identification of particles. This protocol is in line with the recommendations for microplastics monitoring published by the MSFD Technical Subgroup on Marine Litter.
07:32
Rapid Isolation of Viable Circulating Tumor Cells from Patient Blood Samples
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Cited by 36 •
2012
Circulating tumor cells are isolated from the blood of cancer patients without inflicting cellular damage. Isolation of tumor cells is accomplished using a bimolecular surface of E-selectin in addition to antibodies against epithelial markers. A nanotube coating specifically promotes cancer cell adhesion resulting in high capture purities.
03:43
Visualization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Sputum Samples from Cystic Fibrosis Patients
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2026
Source: Jackson, L., et al. Visualization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa within the Sputum of Cystic Fibrosis Patients. J. Vis. Exp. (2020)This video demonstrates the in situ visualization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa within chemically cleared cystic fibrosis sputum using fluorescent labeling and confocal microscopy to reveal bacterial localization and biofilm structure.
10:41
Carbon and Nitrogen Analysis of Environmental Samples
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2023
Source: Laboratories of Margaret Workman and Kimberly Frye - Depaul University Elemental Analysis is a method used to determine elemental composition of a material. In environmental samples such as soils, scientists are particularly interested in the amounts of two ecologically important elements, nitrogen and carbon. Elemental analysis by the flash combustion technique works by oxidizing the sample with a catalyst through combustion in a high-temperature chamber. The products of combustion are...
FAQs
Specimen selection should match the biological signal being investigated. Blood or serum may support assessment of antibodies, antigens, or other disease-related biomarkers, whereas swabs or tissue may provide material for detecting infectious agents or examining immune cells. Because each specimen contains different information, the choice affects which assays are appropriate and how findings can be interpreted.
Controls help distinguish a true biological signal from an assay-related or processing-related result. Validation establishes that the analytical method can measure the intended target consistently enough for its purpose. Together, these safeguards strengthen confidence in findings involving antibodies, pathogen nucleic acids, antigens, immune cells, or disease-related biomarkers, supporting dependable clinical and research interpretation.
These methods convert different biological features into measurable results. Immunoassays can assess antibodies or antigens, molecular testing can detect pathogen nucleic acids, and flow cytometry can examine immune cells. The distinction matters because the selected technique determines whether the analysis reflects an immune response, evidence of an infectious agent, or characteristics of immune-cell populations.
Preservation and processing prepare a clinical specimen for the selected assay while helping retain the biological information being measured. Blood, serum, swabs, and tissue must therefore be handled as part of the analytical workflow rather than treated as interchangeable materials. Appropriate preparation supports more reliable detection of immune responses, infectious agents, and disease-related biomarkers.
A typical workflow begins with collecting the relevant clinical specimen, followed by preservation and processing. The prepared material then undergoes an assay selected for the target, such as an immunoassay, molecular test, or flow-cytometric analysis. Researchers apply appropriate controls and validated methods before interpreting the measured signal in its clinical or research context.
The approach supports several distinct goals, including diagnosis, pathogen characterization, treatment monitoring, and epidemiological studies. For example, analyses may identify immune responses, detect infectious agents, or track disease-related biomarkers over the course of investigation or care. Its value comes from connecting measurable patient-derived signals with questions about disease and infection.
Results can indicate the presence of antibodies, antigens, pathogen nucleic acids, immune cells, or other disease-related biomarkers. These measurements may help characterize a pathogen, evaluate an immune response, monitor treatment, or contribute to population-level epidemiological research. Interpretation depends on the specimen, assay, controls, and validated analytical method used to generate the result.