Viral Titering
Viral Titering - Related Videos
10:17
Introduction to Titration
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2023
Source: Laboratory of Dr. Yee Nee Tan — Agency for Science, Technology, and Research Titration is a common technique used to quantitatively determine the unknown concentration of an identified analyte.1-4 It is also called volumetric analysis, as the measurement of volumes is critical in titration. There are many types of titrations based on the types of reactions they exploit. The most common types are acid-base titrations and redox titrations.5-11 In a typical titration process, a standard...
06:58
n-Butyllithium Titration
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2023
Source: Vy M. Dong and Diane Le, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA This experiment will demonstrate a simple technique to titrate and obtain an accurate concentration of the organolithium reagent, n-butyllithium (n-BuLi). Organolithium reagents are extremely air- and moisture-sensitive and proper care must be taken to maintain the quality of the reagent so that it may be used successfully in a reaction. The n-BuLi titration experiments should be performed regularly...
02:08
Titration of a Polyprotic Acid
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2020
A polyprotic acid contains more than one ionizable hydrogen and undergoes a stepwise ionization process. If the acid dissociation constants of the ionizable protons differ sufficiently from each other, then the titration curve for such polyprotic acid generates a distinct equivalence point for each of its ionizable hydrogens. Therefore, titration of a diprotic acid results in the formation of two equivalence points, whereas the titration of a triprotic acid results in the formation of three...
02:23
Acid-Base Titration Curves
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2020
A titration curve is a plot of some solution property versus the amount of added titrant. For acid-base titrations, solution pH is a useful property to monitor because it varies predictably with the solution composition and, therefore, may be used to monitor the titration’s progress and detect its endpoint. Acid-base titration can be performed with a strong acid and a strong base, a strong acid and a weak base, or a strong base and a weak acid. For a titration carried out for 25.00 mL of 0.100...
12:00
Titration of Human Coronaviruses Using an Immunoperoxidase Assay
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Cited by 14 •
2008
In this video, we demonstrate an alternative method for detection and titering of viruses using an enzymatic antigen detection technique known as an immunoperoxidase assay. Here, we will show you how to collect your viral samples, prepare the cells for testing, and finally the immunoperoxidase assay using serial dilutions to determine the viral titer.
FAQs
Serial dilutions create a range of virus concentrations, allowing researchers to identify a dilution that produces countable plaques, infected cell foci, or cytopathic effects. Comparing responses across dilutions supports calculation of infectious units rather than relying on a single potentially overcrowded or indistinct measurement. The dilution series also makes samples with different starting concentrations more comparable.
These readouts provide observable evidence that infectious virus affected susceptible cultured cells. Plaques and infected foci can be quantified directly, while cytopathic effects provide a measurable cellular response used in the assay. Selecting a suitable readout determines how infectious virus is quantified and whether results are reported as plaque-forming units or another assay-based measure.
Susceptible cells provide the biological system in which virus can produce a measurable effect. Without an appropriate cellular response, the assay cannot distinguish infectious activity through plaques, infected foci, or cytopathic effects. This requirement makes the cell culture component central to interpreting a sample's infectious concentration, rather than simply detecting virus-related material.
PFU and TCID50 are reporting formats linked to different ways of quantifying infectious virus in cultured cells. Plaque-based measurements are commonly expressed as plaque-forming units, whereas TCID50 represents another assay-based infectious measurement. The reported unit therefore communicates how the infectious effect was detected and supports consistent comparison within and across experiments.
A typical workflow begins with preparing serial dilutions of the virus-containing sample. Researchers then expose susceptible cultured cells to those dilutions and monitor the cultures for plaques, infected cell foci, or cytopathic effects. They quantify the selected endpoint and use the dilution results to calculate the infectious concentration, producing a standardized value for later experiments.
Viral titering is useful when experiments require a standardized inoculum or quantitative comparison of infectious virus. It supports studies of viral replication, neutralization, vaccines, antiviral treatments, and host immune responses. Reliable titers help researchers interpret whether differences between conditions reflect altered infection or treatment and immune effects, while improving reproducibility across infection models.