Diabetic Kidney Disease
Diabetic Kidney Disease - Related Videos
10:43
Transplantation of Pancreatic Islets Into the Kidney Capsule of Diabetic Mice
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Cited by 98 •
2007
Our protocol was developed to cleanly and easily deliver islets or cells under the kidney capsule of mice. Cells are concentrated into pellets in the final tubing used for transplanting the cells under the kidney capsule. The ease of this technique reduces stress to the cells and the mouse.
08:50
Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
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Cited by 25 •
2014
The degree of vascular dysfunction and contributing physiological mechanisms can be assessed in patients with chronic kidney disease by measuring brachial artery flow-mediated dilation, aortic pulse-wave velocity, and vascular endothelial cell protein expression.
16:26
Regulatory T cells: Therapeutic Potential for Treating Transplant Rejection and Type I Diabetes
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Cited by 2 •
2007
01:25
Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction
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2025
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) arises when the kidneys progressively lose their ability to function, ultimately leading to end-stage renal disease. At this advanced stage, the kidneys can no longer filter waste or maintain essential body functions, requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) through dialysis or a kidney transplant for survival.Early-stage chronic kidney disease and detection challengesIn CKD's early stages, symptoms often remain absent because healthy nephrons compensate for...
08:19
The Mouse Isolated Perfused Kidney Technique
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Cited by 24 •
2016
The mouse isolated perfused kidney (MIPK) is a technique for keeping a mouse kidney under ex vivo conditions perfused and functional for 1 hr. The buffers and surgical technique are described in detail.
FAQs
Persistent hyperglycemia alters glomerular cells and blood vessels, increasing pressure within glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units. This pressure and cellular injury disturb the filtration barrier that normally limits passage of albumin. The resulting leak provides a mechanistic link between prolonged metabolic exposure and an early measurable sign of renal injury in people with diabetes.
Rising intraglomerular pressure can stress the filtration apparatus even before a substantial fall in estimated glomerular filtration rate becomes evident. As vascular and glomerular injury persists, barrier disruption allows more albumin to cross into urine, while cumulative damage reduces filtering capacity. Pressure-related injury therefore connects early protein leakage with later functional decline.
Chronic metabolic injury from persistent hyperglycemia affects glomerular cells, while vascular injury changes the blood-vessel environment that regulates filtration. Together, these disturbances raise intraglomerular pressure and weaken the filtration barrier. Their combined effect helps explain why ongoing diabetes-related injury can produce both increasing urinary albumin and a progressive reduction in filtration.
Urine albumin and estimated glomerular filtration rate provide complementary information. Albumin indicates that the filtration barrier is allowing protein to pass, whereas estimated filtration rate reflects how well the kidneys are filtering overall. Considering both helps clinicians detect injury earlier and follow whether structural damage is accompanied by functional decline.
Clinical evaluation uses urine albumin and estimated glomerular filtration rate as paired measures, rather than relying on a single indicator. Urine testing identifies abnormal albumin leakage, while the estimated rate tracks filtration performance. Repeating these measurements supports monitoring over time, helping clinicians recognize progression and judge whether kidney function is being preserved.
Management combines control of blood glucose and blood pressure with therapies that act through the renin-angiotensin system and newer kidney-protective treatments. These measures address metabolic and hemodynamic stresses contributing to injury. Their purpose is to slow progression, while albumin measurements and estimated filtration rates help clinicians assess kidney status during ongoing care.
Risk assessment depends on trends in urinary albumin and estimated filtration rate, not only on the presence of diabetes. Increasing albumin leakage, declining estimated filtration rate, or both can indicate sustained kidney injury and inform monitoring and treatment decisions. This measurement-based approach connects laboratory findings with individualized medical care and progression assessment.