Amplification Steps
Amplification Steps - Related Videos
09:44
Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends
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2023
Source: Pablo Sanchez Bosch2, Sean Corcoran2 and Katja Brückner1,2,3 1Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research 2Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, 3Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends (RACE) is a technique that allows amplification of full-length cDNA from mRNA by extending to the 3’ or 5’ end, even without prior knowledge of the sequence (Frohman et al.,...
10:12
Protein Misfolding Cyclic Amplification of Prions
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Cited by 7 •
2012
Protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA) is an in vitro assay for the study of prion conversion and strain and species barriers. It can also be used as a prion detection assay.
02:41
Amplification of a Suicide Plasmid in a Bacterial Host
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2025
Source: Tomás, J. M., et al. Generation of Null Mutants to Elucidate the Role of Bacterial Glycosyltransferases in Bacterial Motility. J. Vis. Exp. (2022).This video demonstrates the initiator-dependent amplification of a suicide plasmid in E. coli. The plasmid, which carries an antibiotic resistance gene, replicates only in the presence of an initiator protein encoded by the host. After electroporation and incubation in recovery medium, the mixture is plated on antibiotic-containing agar.
07:35
Demonstrating a Multi-drug Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Amplification Microarray
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Cited by 4 •
2014
An amplification microarray combines asymmetric PCR amplification and microarray hybridization into a single chamber, which significantly streamlines microarray workflow for the end user. Simplifying microarray workflow is a necessary first step for creating microarray-based diagnostics that can be routinely used in lower-resource environments.
02:48
Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification for Bacterial Gene Detection
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2025
Source: Domesle, K. J., et al. Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification for Screening Salmonella in Animal Food and Confirming Salmonella from Culture Isolation. J. Vis. Exp. (2020).This video demonstrates the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technique for detecting a target bacterial gene by amplifying DNA at a constant temperature. The reaction mixture is prepared by adding an isothermal master mix, specific primers for the target gene, and samples containing DNA templates. The...
FAQs
Spatial summation combines inputs arriving at different locations on a neuron, whereas temporal summation combines inputs arriving close together in time. Their combined depolarizing effect can move the membrane potential toward threshold more effectively than an isolated input. This mechanism allows neurons to integrate distributed or repeated synaptic activity before deciding whether to generate an action potential.
Threshold marks the membrane potential at which depolarization activates voltage-gated ion channels sufficiently to initiate an action potential. Once this point is reached, the response becomes a reliable neural event rather than remaining a small local change. Examining threshold therefore helps researchers assess how synaptic input is converted into signal generation and how excitability affects that conversion.
Amplification occurs during the transition from integrated synaptic inputs to action-potential generation, while propagation carries the resulting signal along the neuron. Separating these stages helps distinguish whether an observed change arises from how the neuron generates a response or how that response is transmitted. This distinction is important when interpreting altered communication in neural circuits.
Excitability determines how readily a neuron responds to combined synaptic inputs and reaches threshold. A change in excitability can therefore make the same pattern of input less likely or more likely to produce an action potential. Studying this relationship helps researchers examine how altered synaptic gain or membrane responsiveness may contribute to neurological disorders.
Researchers can examine amplification by comparing synaptic input with the resulting membrane depolarization, threshold crossing, and action-potential activity in an experimental recording. This sequence reveals whether a weak input was integrated, converted into a neural event, or transmitted afterward. The approach supports analysis of signal detectability and helps separate signal generation from later communication.
Amplification analysis shows how effectively a neuron converts weak or distributed synaptic activity into a detectable electrical response. By tracking summation, threshold activation, and subsequent propagation, researchers can evaluate the reliability of neural communication and sensory processing. These observations also provide context for identifying changes in excitability or synaptic gain associated with abnormal nervous-system function.