Enzymes

All biological processes rely on specialized catalysts called enzymes. These are special proteins that speed up chemical reactions to be millions of times faster.

Each enzyme is like a three-dimensional puzzle piece folded into a unique shape.

They have a special region called the active site, which can bind to a specific substrate—like a key fitting into a lock.

The enzyme can either break the substrate into small pieces or join two different substrates together, helping the reaction happen faster.

Some enzymes need helpers to work properly. These helpers fall into two categories: Co-enzymes like vitamins and co-factors like minerals. Now you know why we need vitamins and minerals in our diet.

Different enzymes have different jobs. Digestive enzymes like amylase break down food, while another enzyme called ATP synthase helps generate energy.

Enzymes are not just in your body but are also used in everyday products. Detergents use enzymes called proteases to break down protein stains, and lactase helps make milk digestible.