Name: atp hydrolysis and energy release
Uploaded: 2020-11-23T11:47:33.000Z
Duration: 1 min 8 s
Channel: JoVE

アデノシン三リン酸(ATP)は 細胞で使うエネルギーを貯蔵します アデニン塩基 リボース糖 ３つのリン酸基からなり 後者は 高エネルギーリン酸無水物結合を介して 互いに結合しています これらの結合は水を加えて 加水分解と呼ばれる エネルギーの放射に伴う過程で １、２個のリン酸基を 放出すると分解します この作用により アミノ酸から タンパク質を合成するなど 細胞内で使うため に 結合のエネルギーが放出されます １つのリン酸基が除かれると ADPの分子である アデノシン二リン酸が 無機リン酸と共に残ります 第二リン酸基の除去により ADPはさらに アデノシン一リン酸(AMP)に 加水分解することができます

武田 貴晶, 宮崎 志保, 小林 美紀, 西野 勝俊, 後藤 智子, 松永 真由, 大井 美波, 他. "Zinc Deficiency Causes Delayed ATP Clearance and Adenosine Generation in Rats and Cell Culture Models." Communications Biology 1, no. 1 (2018年8月22日): 113.[<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211019032635/https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-018-0118-3" target="__blank">ソース</a>]

atpの加水分解

Hydrolysis of ATP

アデノシン三リン酸（ATP）の結合は、水を加えることで切断され、1つまたは2つのリン酸基が放出されます。これは加水分解と呼ばれる発エルゴン反応です。この反応により、結合に含まれるエネルギーが解放され、アミノ酸からのタンパク質合成のように細胞内で使用されます。
 
 リン酸基が1つ取り除かれると、ADP(アデノシン二リン酸)が無機リン酸塩とともに1分子残ります。2つ目のリン酸基を除去すると、ADPはさらに加水分解されてAMP(アデノシン一リン酸)になります。
 
 <h4>ATPの構造</h4>
 
 ATPは、アデニン塩基、リボース糖、3つのリン酸基からなり、リン酸基同士は高エネルギーのホスホ無水物結合で結合しています。

ATPの加水分解

アデノシン三リン酸(ATP)の結合は、水を加えることで切断でき、エクセルゴニックプロセスで1つまたは2つのリン酸基を放出します...

Education

JoVE Core

Molecular Biology

分子生物学

Unit 1

ユニット1

Biochemistry of the Cell

細胞の生化学

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

主要用語と概念

atp hydrolysis and energy release

ATP hydrolysis is a key chemical reaction in cells that releases energy. ATP, or adenosine triphosphate, is the molecule cells use to store and transfer energy for many processes.

During hydrolysis, water breaks the bond in ATP’s terminal phosphate group. This reaction converts ATP into ADP, or adenosine diphosphate, and inorganic phosphate. The released energy can then be used to drive cellular work.

High school biology students often see ATP hydrolysis as part of energy transfer in living systems. It helps explain how cells power movement, transport, and other activities that require energy.

ATP Hydrolysis and Energy Release

the periodic table and organismal elements

the-periodic-table-and-organismal-elements

Element Groups in Living Things

Living things are built from elements found on the periodic table. This page focuses on the elements that make up organisms and how they are grouped in biology. These organismal elements are usually divided into major, minor, and trace categories. Major elements make up most of the mass of living matter. Minor elements are needed in smaller amounts. Trace elements are present in very small amounts but still play important roles. The periodic table helps show where these elements fit and how...

functional groups

Functional Groups in Organic Molecules

Functional groups are the parts of organic molecules that give them specific chemical behavior. They help determine how a compound reacts and what properties it has. In organic chemistry, these groups are used to classify molecules in a clear way. Hydrocarbons are one common class of organic compounds. They contain only carbon and hydrogen. Alcohols, aldehydes, and ketones are other classes that are identified by their functional groups. These groups make each class behave differently from the...

polymers

Polymer Structures and Uses

Polymers are large molecules built from repeating smaller units called monomers. Their long-chain structure gives them many different properties and makes them useful in everyday materials. Polymers can form in two main ways. In addition polymerization, monomers join together without losing any atoms. In condensation polymerization, monomers link while a small molecule is released. These two pathways help explain how many common plastics and related materials are made. The structure of a...

what are lipids?

Lipids in Cells: Fats and Membranes

Lipids are a group of biomolecules found in living things. They are known for their role in energy storage and in building cell membranes. This makes them important in many parts of biology. Fats are one common type of lipid. Other lipids include phospholipids and steroids. Each group has a different structure and a different job in the body. Phospholipids are especially important because they help form cell membranes. Steroids also belong to the lipid group, and they have their own distinct...

structure of lipids

Types of Lipids and Their Structure

Lipids are a major group of biological molecules, and their structure helps explain their different forms. Many lipids are built from fatty acids, which are long hydrocarbon chains with a carboxyl group. The carbon chain is hydrophobic, meaning it does not mix well with water, while the carboxyl group is the acidic end. Triglycerides are one common lipid type. They consist of a glycerol molecule joined to three fatty acid chains. Saturated triglycerides have fatty acids with only single...

chemistry of carbohydrates

Carbohydrate Structures and Types

Carbohydrates are biomolecules built from carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Their chemistry helps explain how simple sugars join together and how larger carbohydrate molecules form. The smallest carbohydrates are monosaccharides, or single sugar units. These can link to make disaccharides, which contain two sugar units, and polysaccharides, which are long chains of many sugar units. Carbohydrates play an important role in biology because they are part of the structures and processes found in...

nucleic acids

Nucleic Acids and Genetic Information

Nucleic acids carry genetic information in cells. They include DNA and RNA, which are made from nucleotide building blocks. These molecules store, copy, and help use the instructions needed for life. DNA is the main long-term storage molecule for genetic information. RNA helps carry and use that information in cells. Together, these nucleic acids connect the code in a cell to the proteins it can make.

intermolecular forces

Forces Between Molecules

Forces between molecules help explain why matter behaves the way it does. These intermolecular attractions act between separate molecules, not within a single molecule. They are often much weaker than the bonds that hold atoms together inside a molecule, but they still affect many properties of liquids and solids. Several common types of intermolecular forces are covered in this topic. These include dipole-dipole forces, hydrogen bonding, ion-dipole forces, and van der Waals forces. Van der...

noncovalent attractions in biomolecules

How Biomolecules Hold Their Shape

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pH measures how acidic or basic an aqueous solution is. It is a key way to describe the balance between acids and bases in water-based solutions. The pH scale shows this balance with low values for acidic solutions and high values for basic solutions. Neutral solutions fall in the middle of the scale. Understanding pH helps explain how different substances behave in water. It also helps compare solutions that are more acidic, more basic, or neutral.

hydrolysis of atp

ATP hydrolysis is a key chemical reaction in cells that releases energy. ATP, or adenosine triphosphate, is the molecule cells use to store and transfer energy for many processes. During hydrolysis, water breaks the bond in ATP’s terminal phosphate group. This reaction converts ATP into ADP, or adenosine diphosphate, and inorganic phosphate. The released energy can then be used to drive cellular work. High school biology students often see ATP hydrolysis as part of energy transfer in living...

key terms and concepts

Learn how ATP hydrolysis uses water to break a phosphate bond, forming ADP and inorganic phosphate while releasing energy for cell work.

ATP Hydrolysis and Energy Release | JoVE K12

molecular biology

JoVE Core 分子生物学は、明確で簡潔なアニメーション ビデオ レッスンを通じて細胞の分子プロセスを紹介します。さらに、科学者の実際のビデオでは、これらの概念の応用が現代の研究室での実際の実験を通じて実証されています。

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ATP Hydrolysis and Energy Release

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