出典:米国ジョンズ・ホプキンス大学(米国メリーランド州)のSmaa Koraym
この研究室では、6種類の金属塩化物塩の電子を炎の熱で励起し、その緩和電子が発する光の波長を測定します。放出される光は可視スペクトルにあるため、金属ごとに異なる色の炎が見られます。
ラボの最後に、線香花火の発光スペクトルを測定し、金属塩から収集したデータを使用して線香花火内の金属を特定します。このプロセスを支援するために、ラボノートに表を作成して、周囲光、塩、線香花火から放出される波長を記録します。
| 実行# | ソース | 記録された波長 |
| 1 | ルームライト | |
| 2 | NaCl | |
| 3 | LiCl | |
| 4 | KCl | |
| 5 | SrCl2 | |
| 6 | BaCl2 | |
| 7 | CuCl2 | |
| 8 | 線香花火 |
このラボでは、塩でコーティングされたアプリケーターをブンゼンバーナーの炎の端に保持して、金属塩を励起します。アプリケーターが発火した場合は、すぐにビーカーの水で急冷してください。励起では、炎と線香花火の近くに検出器をかざして、放出された光の波長を測定します。自分自身と検出器を保護するために、安全な距離を保ってください。一部のタスクは同時に実行されるため、4人のグループで作業し、各生徒が必要に応じてタスクを完了することをお勧めします。
Q1: What happens when metal chloride salts are heated in a flame?
When metal chloride salts are heated in a flame, their electrons become excited by the thermal energy. As these electrons relax back to their ground state, they emit light at specific wavelengths characteristic of each metal. The emitted light is visible, producing different colored flames for different metals, allowing identification through wavelength measurement.
Q2: How do you measure the emission spectrum of metal salts in this lab?
Hold a salt-coated applicator about 1 mm into the outer flame of a Bunsen burner while positioning a hand-held spectrophotometer detector approximately one inch from the flame. Start data collection when the applicator enters the flame. The spectrometer records emission intensity across wavelengths, capturing peaks that identify the metal's characteristic emission wavelengths.
Q3: Why is detector distance critical when measuring flame emission spectra?
The detector must be held no closer than one inch from the flame to avoid damage to the sensitive equipment. However, if positioned too far away, the spectrum becomes unclear and weak. Optimal distance balances detector protection with signal quality, ensuring peaks remain within detection limits and noise is minimized.
Q4: What does comparing a sparkler spectrum to metal salt spectra reveal?
By comparing the sparkler's emission spectrum to reference spectra from known metal chloride salts, you can identify which metals are present in the sparkler. Matching peaks at specific wavelengths indicate the presence of particular metals. For example, a peak at 589 nm matches sodium, while peaks at 770 nm match potassium.
Q5: How should you handle cross-contamination when testing multiple metal salts?
Always use a different applicator for each salt to prevent cross-contamination between samples. After testing each salt, submerge the used applicator in a wastewater beaker. This ensures that each metal salt measurement remains pure and unaffected by residue from previously tested salts.
Q6: What adjustments improve spectrum quality if peaks appear off-scale or noisy?
If peak intensities are off-scale, adjust the detector position until all peaks fall within detection limits. If the spectrum is noisy or weak, try pointing the detector at a different part of the flame. Repositioning the detector helps optimize signal strength and clarity without damaging equipment.
Q7: Why is plotting intensity versus wavelength essential for analyzing emission data?
Plotting intensity on the y-axis and wavelength on the x-axis creates a visual representation of each metal's unique emission pattern. This graph allows direct comparison between the sparkler spectrum and reference metal spectra, making it easier to identify matching peaks and determine which metals are present in the sparkler.