Dorsal Ventral Coordinates
Dorsal Ventral Coordinates - Related Videos
09:45
Preparation of Parasagittal Slices for the Investigation of Dorsal-ventral Organization of the Rodent Medial Entorhinal Cortex
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Cited by 36 •
2012
We describe procedures for preparation and electrophysiological recording from brain slices that maintain the dorsal-ventral axis of the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC). Because neural encoding of location follows a dorsal-ventral organization within the MEC, these procedures facilitate investigation of cellular mechanisms important for navigation and memory.
02:57
Coordination Number and Geometry
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2020
For transition metal complexes, the coordination number determines the geometry around the central metal ion. Table 1 compares coordination numbers to molecular geometry. The most common structures of the complexes in coordination compounds are octahedral, tetrahedral, and square planar. Coordination Number Molecular Geometry Example 2 linear [Ag(NH3)2]+ 3 trigonal planar [Cu(CN)3]2− 4 tetrahedral(d0 or d10), low oxidation...
04:38
Modeling Sensory Axon Regeneration in a Rat Using Dorsal Root Ganglion Injection and Dorsal Root Crush Injury
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2025
Source: Cheah, M., et al. Dorsal Root Ganglion Injection and Dorsal Root Crush Injury as a Model for Sensory Axon Regeneration. J. Vis. Exp. (2017).This video demonstrates a step-by-step procedure for injecting a viral suspension into the dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) and inducing a controlled axonal injury via a dorsal root crush in an anesthetized rat. The protocol involves exposing the DRGs, delivering a growth-promoting viral vector to facilitate axonal regeneration, and severing axonal...
02:54
Coordination Compounds and Nomenclature
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2020
In most main group element compounds, the valence electrons of the isolated atoms combine to form chemical bonds that satisfy the octet rule. For instance, the four valence electrons of carbon overlap with electrons from four hydrogen atoms to form CH4. The one valence electron leaves sodium and adds to the seven valence electrons of chlorine to form the ionic formula unit NaCl (Figure 1a). Transition metals do not normally bond in this fashion. They primarily form coordinate covalent bonds, a...
09:10
The Preparation of Oblique Spinal Cord Slices for Ventral Root Stimulation
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Cited by 1 •
2016
We show how to prepare oblique slices of the spinal cord in young mice. This preparation allows for the stimulation of the ventral roots.
FAQs
Researchers establish the dorsal-ventral position of a target from anatomical landmarks or a stereotaxic reference system. The selected reference provides the basis for recording how far a structure lies toward the dorsal or ventral direction. Because anatomical orientation can vary between species and brain regions, the reference framework must match the nervous system being studied.
Dorsal and ventral directions are not interpreted independently of anatomy. Their orientation may differ among species and across brain regions, so the same directional label does not automatically represent an identical physical relationship everywhere. Recognizing this variation helps researchers select appropriate landmarks or reference systems and prevents inaccurate comparisons of neural locations.
A dorsal-ventral measurement identifies position along only one anatomical axis. Researchers commonly record it alongside anterior-posterior and medial-lateral coordinates to specify a target more completely in three-dimensional space. This combined description supports more precise localization of neural structures and helps align experimental placement with the intended brain area.
Recording a target's dorsal or ventral distance creates a standardized positional description that other researchers can follow. When combined with the remaining coordinate axes and an appropriate reference system, these measurements help reproduce the placement of electrodes, cannulas, lesions, tracers, or drug injections. Consistent localization strengthens comparisons between experiments linking neural sites with circuitry, behavior, or disease.
First, researchers select anatomical landmarks or a stereotaxic reference system appropriate to the species and brain region. They then determine the target's dorsal-ventral distance and record it with anterior-posterior and medial-lateral values. Those coordinates guide placement of the chosen electrode, cannula, lesion, tracer, or drug injection at the intended neural location.
Accurate positioning supports experiments that place electrodes or cannulas, create lesions, or deliver tracers and drugs into selected neural structures. It also assists mapping of brain areas and analysis of how location relates to circuitry, behavior, or disease. The coordinates therefore connect an experimental intervention or measurement with a defined anatomical site.