Name: electron transfer in redox
Uploaded: 2019-03-11T09:21:00.000Z
Duration: 1 min 24 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

north-carolina-k-12-science-standard-course-of-study

North Carolina K-12 Science Standard Course of Study

9-12

Earth and Environmental Science

Earth's Systems

ESS.EES.3.1

Redox Reactions

- [강사] 산화 환원 혹은 산화 환원 반응 중전자는 원자 사이를 이동합니다전자를 주는 분자는 산화되고전자를 받는 분자는 환원됩니다거기에는 양전하가 더 적습니다예를 들어 중성 나트륨과 염소 원자가 이온이 되면나트륨은 전자를 잃어서 산화되고염소는 전자를 얻어서 환원됩니다덧붙여서 전자를 주는 분자를환원제라 하는 반면전자를 받는 분자는산화제가 됩니다반복하자면 나트륨은 산화되므로 환원제가 되고염소는 환원되므로 산화제가 됩니다

Flowers, P., Theopold, K., Langley, R., Robinson, W. R., Clark, M. A., Douglas, M., Choi, J. 섹션 4.2: 화학 반응 분류. 화학 2e에서. 오픈스택스. 텍사스주 휴스턴(2019).

산화환원반응

산화환원반응(oxidation-reduction, 줄여서 redox)은 원자의 산화상태를 변화시키는 반응으로 환원제(reducing agent)의 원자에 있는 전자를 산화제(oxidizing agent)의 원자로 이동시키며 일어납니다. 여기서 전자를 공여하는 원자는 산화(oxidize)되고 (즉, 전자를 잃음) 전자를 수용하는 원자는 환원(reduce) 됩니다 (즉, 전자를 얻어 양전하가 낮아짐). 산화환원반응에서 역학 움직임은 원자가 전자를 끌어당기는 잠재력(즉, 전기음성도)에 달려있습니다. 산화제가 환원제보다 전기음성도가 높으면 에너지가 방출됩니다. 반면 환원제가 산화제보다 전기음성도가 낮으면 에너지를 공급해야 합니다.
 
 <h4>환원제는 산화됩니다</h4>
 
 그래서 산화는 전자를 잃는걸까요, 얻는걸까요? 산화환원반응과 관련된 용어가 헷갈릴 수 있습니다. 영어 사용자가 관련용어를 암기할때 다음과 같은 약어를 씁니다: OIL RIG. 이 약자는 Oxidation Is Loss; Reduction Is Gain을 뜻합니다. 풀이하자면 원자가 산화되면(oxidized) 전자를 잃습니다(loss). 원자가 환원되면(reduced) 전자를 얻습니다(gain). 산화되는 원자는 (oxidized atom) 환원제(reducing agent)로서 전자를 다른 원자에게 주어 상대 원자가 환원되게 만듭니다. 이 OIL RIG을 기억한다면 산화환원반응을 구성하는 요소에 관한 대부분의 질문에 답할 수 있습니다.
 
 <h4>전기음성도와 에너지</h4>
 
 산화환원반응은 에너지를 생산하거나 에너지를 필요로 합니다. 한 원자가 전기음성도가 높은 원자에게 전자를 잃으면 그건 역학적으로 유리한 (energetically favorable) 반응이라 에너지가 방출됩니다. 이것은 상당히 논리적인데요 (힘이 센 사람이 힘이 약한 사람을 상대로 줄다리기를 승리하는 것을 떠올려보세요) 전기음성도가 높은 원자는 전자를 끌어당길 수 있는 능력을 더 가지고 있기 때문입니다. 이러한 화학반응의 생물학적 예로는 세포가 쉽게 사용할 수 있는 에너지의 한 형태인 ATP를 생성하기위해 에너지를 방출하고 사용하는 세포호흡이 있습니다.
 
 다른종류의 산화환원반응은 되려 에너지를 필요로 합니다. 전자를 전기음성도가 높은 원자에서 전기음성도가 낮은 원자로 이동시키려면 에너지가 사용되어야 합니다. 이건 힘이 약한 사람이 힘이 센 사람을 상대로 줄다리기를 이기는 것과 같은데 이 경우 외부에서 오는 에너지를 필요로 합니다. 생물학적 예로는 빛 형태의 에너지의 도움을 받아 전자를 물에서 이산화탄소로 전달하는 광합성이 있습니다.
 
 <h4>전자의 불완전한 전달</h4>
 
 산화환원반응은 전자가 이동될 때 일어나는 것 뿐만 아니라 공유결합 안에서 전자를 공유하는데 변화가 있을 때도 일어납니다! 예를 들어, 메탄과 산소가 반응하면 이산화탄소와 물을 만드는데, 이 경우 메탄의 탄소는 산화됩니다. 이는 메탄 내 전자가 탄소와 수소 간에 동등하게 공유되는 반면 이산화탄소 내 산소는 탄소보다 전자를 더 많이 끌어들여 탄소가 부분적으로 양전하를 띠기 때문입니다.

산화 환원 또는 산화 환원 반응은 한 분자 또는 원자에서 다른 분자 또는 원자로 전자를 전달하는 것을 포함합니다. 원자가 전자를 얻으면 다른 원자가 ...

Education

교육

JoVE Core

Biology

생물학

Fundamentals

기초 원리

Chemistry of Life

생명의 화학

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

주요 용어 및 개념

electron transfer in redox

Redox reactions are chemical reactions that involve electron transfer between atoms or molecules. When one particle gains electrons, another must lose them at the same time. That is why oxidation and reduction always happen together.

The two roles in a redox reaction are linked. The atom that is oxidized acts as the reducing agent, or reductant. The atom that is reduced acts as the oxidizing agent, or oxidant. A simple way to remember the ideas is OIL-RIG, which means oxidation is losing electrons and reduction is gaining electrons.

Redox reactions also change oxidation states, or oxidation numbers. An oxidation state is the charge an atom would have if all of its bonds were purely ionic. Checking whether oxidation numbers change in the reactants can help identify a redox reaction.

A sodium and chlorine reaction makes this idea clear. Sodium is oxidized, and chlorine is reduced to form sodium chloride. The process can be shown with half-reactions, which separate the fate of each reactant. In these equations, sodium goes from an oxidation number of 0 to 1+, while chlorine in Cl2 goes from 0 to 1-.

Electron transfer is not always complete. A redox reaction can also happen when the sharing of electrons changes in a covalent bond. Methane and oxygen can react to form carbon dioxide and water. In methane, electrons are shared equally between carbon and hydrogen, but in carbon dioxide the carbon is partially positive because oxygen pulls electrons more strongly. In that reaction, carbon dioxide is oxidized and oxygen is reduced.

Electron Transfer in Redox

the periodic table and organismal elements

the-periodic-table-and-organismal-elements

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redox reactions

Redox reactions are chemical reactions that involve electron transfer between atoms or molecules. When one particle gains electrons, another must lose them at the same time. That is why oxidation and reduction always happen together. The two roles in a redox reaction are linked. The atom that is oxidized acts as the reducing agent, or reductant. The atom that is reduced acts as the oxidizing agent, or oxidant. A simple way to remember the ideas is OIL-RIG, which means oxidation is losing...

cohesion

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solvents

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carbon skeletons

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key terms and concepts

Learn how redox reactions move electrons, change oxidation states, and use half-reactions to track sodium, chlorine, methane, and oxygen.

Electron Transfer in Redox | JoVE K12

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from-molecules-to-organisms-structures-and-processes

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Electron Transfer in Redox

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