Name: how specific heat affects temperature
Uploaded: 2019-03-11T09:21:01.000Z
Duration: 1 min 16 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

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North Carolina K-12 Science Standard Course of Study

9-12

Earth and Environmental Science

Earth's Systems

ESS.EES.3.1

Specific Heat

물질은 열 흡수가 달라서각각 구체적인 열용량을 소유하는데그것은 정의된 질량에 대하여 온도를 1도변화 시키는데 필요한 열 에너지의 측정치이다이 양을 칼로리라고 하기도 한다물은 부근의 암석보다 더 큰 비열을 갖는데, 그 이유는물의 몰 질량이사암의 실리콘보다 더 낮기 때문이다물은 그램당 분자수가 더 많기 때문에, 에너지를더 많이 흡수할 수 있고온도 변경에도 시간이 더 걸린다모래는 실리콘 분자 수가더 적어서 더 빨리 가열이 된다그래서, 물은 극단적인주위 환경을 잘 규제한다이를테면, 해변 지역은 낮에뜨거워지거나, 밤에 서늘해지는데 시간이 더 오래 걸린다인근의 물 영향이 없는 갇힌 장소는 따스해지고서늘해지는 일이 빠르기 때문에, 더 극단적인 온도가 나타난다

비열

물질의 비열용량(specific heat capacity)은 물질 1g을 1도 가열하는 데 필요한 에너지의 양을 말합니다. 물은 열용량이 높아 온도를 높이려면 많은 열이 필요합니다. 마찬가지로, 물은 온도가 내려가려면 많은 열을 잃어야 하기 때문에 한번 가열하면 천천히 냉각됩니다. 이에 비해 금속은 열용량이 낮으며 빠르게 가열되고 빠르게 냉각됩니다.
 
 비열용량은 물질 1g의 온도를 섭씨 1도(1°C) 상승시키는 데 필요한 에너지의 양으로 정의 됩니다. 예를 들어 물 1g의 온도를 1°C 증가시키려면 열에너지 1칼로리가 필요합니다. 비열용량은 종종 그램, 섭씨 및 칼로리로 나타내지만 킬로그램, 켈빈(K), 줄(Joules) 등으로도 나타낼 수 있습니다. 물의 비열용량은 1칼로리/그램 °C, 또는 4186줄/킬로그램 K 입니다. 금은 비열용량 ~0.03 칼로리/그램 °C, 또는 129 줄/킬로그램 K로서, 금의 비열용량은 물의 비열용량보다 낮습니다.
 
 <h4>실용적인 면면</h4>
 
 물의 높은 열용량은 극단적인 환경 온도를 조절하는데 도움이 됩니다. 큰 수역 근처의 도시들은 일일기온과 계절기온의 변동이 적습니다. 낮에는 인근의 물이 열에너지를 흡수하여 주변 땅을 냉각시키고 밤에는 물이 열에너지를 방출하여 지역을 따뜻하게 유지합니다. 큰 수역에서 멀리 떨어진 마을들은 일일기온과 계절기온이 크게 변동하는 것을 경험할 수 있습니다. 모래와 바위는 열용량이 낮기 때문에 낮에는 빠르게 가열되어 밤에 빠르게 열을 방출합니다.
 
 우주에선 물이 끓다가 얼어 붙습니다. 이런 현상은 부분적으로 물의 높은 열용량 때문에 발생합니다. 우주에서 물은 매우 낮은 압력 때문에 먼저 끓습니다. 그리고 이 기체 상태에선 수증기 분자간의 간격이 더 떨어지게 되고 우주의 매우 낮은 온도 때문에 열을 빠르게 잃을 수 있습니다. 그 결과 수증기가 결정으로 얼어 붙게 됩니다.

물질의 비열 용량은 해당 물질 1g의 온도를 섭씨 1도 높이는 데 필요한 에너지를 나타냅니다. ...

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Biology

생물학

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생명의 화학

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

주요 용어 및 개념

how specific heat affects temperature

Specific heat capacity describes how much energy a substance needs to rise by 1 degree Celsius for each gram. It is often written with calories, grams, and degrees Celsius, but it can also be shown in joules, kilograms, and Kelvin. For water, 1 gram needs 1 calorie to increase by 1°C, which is also written as 1 cal/g-°C or 4186 J/kg/K.

Water has a high specific heat capacity, so it takes in a large amount of heat before its temperature changes much. It also gives off a lot of heat when it cools. That is why water heats up and cools down slowly. Metals have a much lower heat capacity, so they warm up quickly and also lose heat quickly. Solid gold is one example, with a specific heat capacity of about 0.03 cal/g/°C or 129 J/kg/K.

Water’s high specific heat is linked to hydrogen bonds between water molecules. When water is boiled, it absorbs a large amount of energy to break these bonds, which lets the molecules move more freely. When water cools, hydrogen bonds form again and pull the molecules closer together. A large amount of heat is released during this process.

This property also helps control environmental temperatures. Areas near large bodies of water usually have smaller daily and seasonal temperature changes. During the day, the water absorbs heat and cools the nearby land. At night, the water gives off stored heat and keeps the area warmer.

Places far from large bodies of water can have much bigger swings in temperature. Sand and rocks have lower heat capacities, so they heat up quickly in the day. They also release heat quickly at night. This is why water helps moderate climate more than dry land does.

How Specific Heat Affects Temperature

the periodic table and organismal elements

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Periodic Table Basics for Living Things

The periodic table helps explain which elements living things need and how those elements are related. Elements are the smallest units of matter that cannot be broken down further by chemical processes. There are 118 known elements, but not all occur naturally, and even fewer are essential for life. Living matter is made mostly of carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, and oxygen. Together, these elements make up most of the human body and are also found in all life on Earth. Smaller amounts of calcium,...

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redox reactions

Electron Transfer in Redox

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cohesion

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specific heat

Specific heat capacity describes how much energy a substance needs to rise by 1 degree Celsius for each gram. It is often written with calories, grams, and degrees Celsius, but it can also be shown in joules, kilograms, and Kelvin. For water, 1 gram needs 1 calorie to increase by 1°C, which is also written as 1 cal/g-°C or 4186 J/kg/K. Water has a high specific heat capacity, so it takes in a large amount of heat before its temperature changes much. It also gives off a lot of heat when it...

vaporization

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solvents

Water as a Biological Solvent

Water acts as a biological solvent in many living systems. A solvent is a substance, usually a liquid, that dissolves another substance called a solute. When a solvent and a solute mix, they form a solution, which is a uniform mixture of both parts. Water is called a universal biological solvent because its polar structure helps it dissolve many other polar compounds. Polarity means that one side of the molecule has a slight positive charge and the other side has a slight negative charge.

carbon skeletons

Carbon Backbones in Biomolecules

Carbon backbones give biological molecules their structure and flexibility. Living things are built from macromolecules that contain carbon atoms, and organic compounds are defined by a carbon backbone. Carbon is tetravalent, so each carbon atom can bond with four other atoms. Its valence electrons are stable, so carbon rarely becomes an ion. As carbon chains get longer, they can form ring structures, double bonds, and branching side chains. Carbon-carbon bonds create the carbon skeleton.

key terms and concepts

Learn how specific heat capacity controls heating and cooling, why water changes temperature slowly, and how it helps moderate climate near oceans and lakes.

How Specific Heat Affects Temperature | JoVE K12

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JoVE Core 시리즈는 생물학의 주요 개념을 설명하는 300개가 넘는 간결하고 이해하기 쉬운 애니메이션 비디오 강의와 오늘날 실험실에서 수행된 실제 연구 실험을 보여주는 150개가 넘는 과학자 활동 비디오를 통해 생물학에 활기를 불어 넣습니다.

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CHEM.13

CHEM.13.D

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From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes

9-12.B.1.4.b

Earth and Space Science

9-12.ESS.2.7.b

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Florida Department of Education

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How Specific Heat Affects Temperature

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