12.3
상지의 뼈: 요골
요골은 인간의 전완골 또는 팔뚝을 구성하는 두 개의 뼈 중 더 깁니다. 근위부 끝에서 요골은 상완골의 두상골 및 척골의 요골 노치와 연결되어 팔꿈치 관절을 형성합니다. 원위 끝에서 요골은 척골 노치를 통해 척골과 연결되어 원위 요척골 관절을 형성합니다. 원위적으로 요골…
요골은 척골과 평행하게 뻗어 있는 측면 팔뚝 뼈로, 요골 노치에서 근위적으로 결합하고 척골 노치를 통해 원위부로 연결됩니다.
그것은 못 모양의 머리와 방사형 스타일로이드 과정이라고 하는 뾰족한 돌출부로 끝나는 곡선 샤프트를 가지고 있습니다.
근위부 끝에서 머리는 상완골 capitulum 및 척골과 결합하여 팔꿈치 관절을 형성합니다. 방사형 머리를 회전하면 손바닥을 위 또는 아래로 돌리면서 팔뚝을 움직일 수 있습니다. 팔을 구부리는 동안 머리는 상완골의 요골 와로 이동합니다.
요골 머리 바로 아래, 좁은 목은 팔의 이두박근을 고정하는 거친 요골 결절까지 뻗어 있습니다.
원위부 끝에서 요골 스타일로이드 돌기는 손목 뼈와 결합하여 방사선 수근 또는 손목 관절을 형성합니다.
스타일로이드 과정은 손목의 측면 회전을 제한하기 위해 짧고 긴 방사선 월상 인대를 통해 손목 관절의 움직임을 안정화합니다.
View the full transcript and gain access to JoVE Core videos
Q1: Where does the radius articulate with other bones at the elbow?
At the proximal end, the radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna to form the elbow joint. The nail-shaped radial head joins these structures, enabling the forearm to flex and rotate. This articulation allows the radial head to move into the radial fossa of the humerus during arm flexion.
Q2: What is the radial tuberosity and what attaches to it?
The radial tuberosity is a rough, oval-shaped prominence located just below the radial neck. The biceps brachii muscle attaches to this tuberosity, anchoring the bicep muscles of the arm. This attachment site is crucial for arm flexion and supination movements.
Q3: How does the radius connect to the wrist bones?
At the distal end, the radius articulates with the carpal wrist bones, specifically the scaphoid and lunate, forming the radiocarpal joint. The radial styloid process, a pointed projection at the distal end, joins with these wrist bones. Ligaments including the radiolunate ligament stabilize this joint and limit lateral wrist rotation.
Q4: What role does the interosseous membrane play in the forearm?
The interosseous membrane connects the radius to the ulna along the entire length of the shaft, providing structural support and stability between the two forearm bones. It also serves as an attachment site for multiple muscles including the pronator teres, pronator quadratus, and supinator, which facilitate pronation, supination, and other forearm movements.
Q5: How does the radius enable pronation and supination of the forearm?
During pronation, the radial head rotates and crosses over the ulna, causing the palm to face posteriorly. Supination reverses this movement, allowing the palm to face anteriorly. An annular ligament surrounding the radial head stabilizes it to the ulnar notch, enabling smooth rotation while maintaining joint integrity.
Q6: What is the relationship between the radius and ulna at the distal end?
At the distal end, the radius articulates with the ulna via the ulnar notch, forming the distal radioulnar joint. This joint allows the radius to rotate around the ulna during pronation and supination. The connection maintains forearm stability while permitting the rotational movements necessary for hand positioning.
Q7: How do structural changes in the radius occur as part of changes in the appendicular skeleton with age?
The radius, as part of the appendicular skeleton, undergoes structural changes throughout life. Understanding how bones like the radius change with age helps explain age-related changes in forearm strength, mobility, and joint stability. These changes affect pronation, supination, and overall upper limb function in aging individuals.