15.5
축 및 부속 근육
우리 몸의 움직임에 중요한 역할을 하는 골격근은 위치와 기능에 따라 축근과 충수근의 두 그룹으로 분류할 수 있습니다. 이러한 분류는 신체의 구조와 움직임에서 근육이 수행하는 주요 역할을 반영합니다.
축 근육
몸의 정중선을 따라 위치한 축 근육은 두개골, 척추, 갈비뼈…
골격근은 주로 축근(axial muscle)과 맹장근(appendicular)의 두 그룹으로 나뉩니다.
신체의 정중선을 따라 존재하는 축 근육은 주로 머리, 목 및 몸통 부위와 연결되어 있습니다.
머리와 목에서 축 근육은 얼굴 표정, 말, 식사 및 다양한 머리 움직임에 필수적입니다.
또한 일부 목 근육은 척추의 움직임에서 일반적으로 등 근육이라고 하는 뒤쪽 몸통 근육을 돕습니다.
흉곽 근육은 직근(rectus), 비스듬한(oblique), 횡근(transverse)과 같은 복부 근육과 함께 몸통의 전외벽을 형성합니다.
마지막으로, 아래쪽 축 골격에는 천골과 골반 거들 사이에 뻗어 있는 근육이 있어 골반 기저부를 만듭니다.
반면에 충수근은 가슴 띠, 골반 띠 및 팔다리와 관련된 근육입니다.
이 근육은 걷기, 달리기 및 기타 신체 활동을 하는 동안 움직이는 구조를 안정시키고 지지합니다.
상지와 관련된 맹장 근육은 어깨에서 손까지, 하지 근육은 엉덩이에서 발까지 다양합니다.
View the full transcript and gain access to JoVE Core videos
Q1: What is the main difference between axial and appendicular muscles?
Axial muscles are located along the body's midline and connect to the axial skeleton, including the skull, spine, ribs, and sternum. They control facial expressions, head and neck movements, speaking, and eating. Appendicular muscles, by contrast, attach to the pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle, and limbs, providing stability and enabling movement during activities like walking and running.
Q2: Which axial muscles form the walls of the trunk?
The thoracic muscles and abdominal muscles, including the rectus, oblique, and transverse muscles, form the anterolateral walls of the trunk. These muscles of the abdomen provide structural support and stability to the torso, protecting internal organs and enabling trunk movements and breathing.
Q3: What role do axial muscles play in head and neck movements?
Axial muscles in the head and neck are vital for facial expressions, talking, and eating. Additionally, some neck muscles work with posterior trunk muscles to assist in movements of the vertebral column. These muscles of the vertebral column coordinate to enable flexion, extension, and rotation of the spine.
Q4: How do appendicular muscles support limb movement?
Appendicular muscles stabilize and support moving structures during physical activities like walking and running. Upper limb muscles extend from the shoulders to the hands, enabling precise hand movements. Lower limb muscles stretch from the hips to the feet, providing mobility and balance during locomotion and weight-bearing activities.
Q5: What muscles form the pelvic floor?
The lower axial skeleton contains muscles that extend between the sacrum and pelvic girdle, creating the pelvic floor. These muscles of the pelvic floor and perineum provide support for pelvic organs and contribute to core stability during movement and posture maintenance.
Q6: Where are appendicular muscles located in the upper and lower limbs?
Upper appendicular muscles extend from the shoulders down to the hands, enabling intricate tasks and arm movements. Lower appendicular muscles stretch from the hips to the feet, ensuring mobility and balance. Both regions contain muscles that attach to the pectoral and pelvic girdles, respectively, allowing coordinated limb function.
Q7: How do axial muscles contribute to facial expressions and eating?
Axial muscles in the head and neck are essential for creating facial expressions and controlling jaw and mouth movements during eating. These muscles for facial expressions work in coordination with muscles around the mouth and eyes to produce the varied expressions humans use for communication and food manipulation.