Viral Disease Detection
Viral Disease Detection - Related Videos
05:04
Viral Antigen Microarray Assay to Detect Antibody Isotypes in Serum Against Viral Antigen
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2025
In this video, we demonstrate the process for detecting antibody isotypes in multiple human serum samples using a microarray slide printed with antigenic subtypes of influenza virus strains.
03:20
Nested-PCR to Detect a Specific Viral Genomic Sequence
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2025
This video describes nested polymerase chain reaction, a technique that consists of two sequential PCR amplification processes using two primer sets. The first set of primers is intended to anneal to sequences upstream of the second set, resulting in selective amplification of specific gene sequences. This PCR is more sensitive and specific than a normal PCR and is widely used as a detection technique for various diseases.
02:37
Detection of Zika Viral dsRNA Replication Intermediates Using Immunocytochemistry
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2026
Source: Contreras, D., et al. Zika Virus Infectious Cell Culture System and the In Vitro Prophylactic Effect of Interferons. J. Vis. Exp. (2016)The video demonstrates the detection of Zika viral dsRNA intermediates in infected epithelial cells using immunocytochemistry. Infected cells are fixed and then blocked with a blocking solution. The primary and secondary antibodies are added. The nuclei are stained with a fluorescent dye. The labeled viral dsRNA is then seen under a fluorescence...
10:16
Detection of Viral RNA by Fluorescence in situ Hybridization (FISH)
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Cited by 35 •
2012
A fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) method was developed to visually detect viral genomic RNA using fluorescence microscopy. A probe is made with specificity to the viral RNA that can then be identified using a combination of hybridization and immunofluorescence techniques. This technique offers the advantage of identifying the localization of the viral RNA or DNA at steady-state, providing information on the control of intracellular virus trafficking events.
08:33
Development of an Alpha-synuclein Based Rat Model for Parkinson's Disease via Stereotactic Injection of a Recombinant Adeno-associated Viral Vector
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Cited by 12 •
2016
This manuscript describes how viral vector-mediated local gene delivery provides an attractive way to express transgenes in the central nervous system. The protocol outlines all crucial steps to perform a viral vector injection in the substantia nigra of the rat to develop a viral vector-based animal model for Parkinson's disease.
FAQs
Polymerase chain reaction strengthens detection by amplifying virus-specific nucleic acid sequences, making genetic material easier to measure. This molecular approach differs from antigen testing, which captures viral proteins with antibodies, and serology, which measures infection-associated antibodies. Selecting among these readouts allows a diagnostic design to match the biological signal it is intended to measure.
These approaches measure different evidence associated with infection. Molecular assays target viral genetic material, antigen tests target viral proteins, and serological tests target antibodies associated with infection. The distinction matters because each assay reports a different biological signal, so interpreting results requires understanding whether the platform measures the virus directly or measures the host immune response.
Sensitivity and specificity are central performance goals because a useful diagnostic platform must measure the intended viral or immune signal reliably. Bioengineering applies these goals when developing biosensors, point-of-care devices, and multiplex assays. Improving them can support more dependable clinical decisions and disease monitoring, while also helping technologies remain useful across different viral detection needs.
Multiplex assays expand testing by incorporating multiple detection measurements into one diagnostic design. In bioengineering, this approach can combine viral genetic, protein, or host-response signals within an adaptable platform. The resulting system supports broader measurement than a single-target assay and is relevant to disease monitoring, outbreak surveillance, and technologies designed for emerging viral diseases.
A basic design workflow begins by choosing the measurable target: viral nucleic acid, viral protein, or infection-associated antibody. Engineers then select a compatible format, such as a molecular assay, antigen test, serological test, biosensor, point-of-care device, or multiplex platform. Performance goals including sensitivity, specificity, and accessibility guide refinement before clinical or surveillance use.
Researchers may favor point-of-care platforms when accessibility and timely diagnostic information are important. These devices are part of bioengineering efforts to move detection technologies closer to the setting where decisions are made. Their relevance extends beyond individual diagnosis to disease monitoring and outbreak surveillance, where accessible testing can support rapid collection of useful information.
Detection technologies provide measurements that can be used in vaccine evaluation and in studying emerging viral diseases. Molecular assays, antigen tests, and serological tests offer different readouts for tracking viral material, proteins, or infection-associated immune responses. Adaptable biosensors, multiplex assays, and other engineered platforms can help extend these measurements as new detection needs arise.