Azide-alkyne Cycloaddition
Azide-alkyne Cycloaddition - Related Videos
09:06
Efficient and Site-specific Antibody Labeling by Strain-promoted Azide-alkyne Cycloaddition
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Cited by 3 •
2016
Here, we present a protocol to site-specifically introduce chemical probes into an antibody fragment by genetically incorporating an azide-containing amino acid, and subsequently coupling the azide with a chemical probe by strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC).
09:35
Preparation of a Corannulene-functionalized Hexahelicene by Copper(I)-catalyzed Alkyne-azide Cycloaddition of Nonplanar Polyaromatic Units
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Cited by 1 •
2016
Here, we present a protocol to synthesize a complex organic compound comprised of three nonplanar polyaromatic units, assembled easily with reasonable yields.
02:39
Nomenclature of Alkynes
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2025
Alkynes are unsaturated hydrocarbons characterized by the presence of carbon-carbon triple bonds and have a general formula CnH2n-2. The nomenclature of alkynes follows a set of rules similar to alkanes and alkenes; however, alkynes bear the suffix "-yne" instead of "-ane" or "-ene." There are two approaches to naming alkynes: • IUPAC names • Common names IUPAC nomenclature The IUPAC naming system follows a systematic approach to deduce names of alkynes based on their chemical structure.
01:16
Cycloaddition Reactions: Overview
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2023
Cycloadditions are one of the most valuable and effective synthesis routes to form cyclic compounds. These are concerted pericyclic reactions between two unsaturated compounds resulting in a cyclic product with two new σ bonds formed at the expense of π bonds. The [4 + 2] cycloaddition, known as the Diels–Alder reaction, is the most common. The other example is a [2 + 2] cycloaddition. The feasibility of cycloaddition reactions under thermal and photochemical conditions can be predicted using...
07:23
An Optimized Protocol for the Efficient Radiolabeling of Gold Nanoparticles by Using a 125I-labeled Azide Prosthetic Group
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Cited by 5 •
2016
A detailed procedure for the synthesis of a 125I-labeled azide and the radiolabeling of dibenzocyclooctyne (DBCO)-group-conjugated, 13-nm-sized gold nanoparticles using a copper-free click reaction is described.
FAQs
Copper(I) activates the alkyne, making it more capable of reacting with the azide and promoting the sequence of bond-forming events that produces the triazole ring. This catalytic role gives the copper-catalyzed format strong utility for molecular labeling, while also distinguishing it mechanistically from copper-free variants.
The resulting ring is chemically stable, which helps preserve the label during downstream analysis rather than relying on a transient association between probe and target. Because azides and alkynes can be paired with different molecular tags, the reaction is modular: the same labeling strategy can support fluorescence imaging, purification, or biochemical analysis.
Strain-promoted variants are preferable when copper would be unsuitable for the biological setting, because they avoid copper while retaining selective azide-alkyne labeling. This feature expands use to living cells and organisms, where copper-free conditions improve compatibility with experiments that track the localization or trafficking of labeled molecules.
In a labeling workflow, researchers use complementary azide and alkyne components so the reaction can attach a molecular tag to biological material. They then select an appropriate readout: fluorescence imaging for visualization, purification for isolating labeled material, or biochemical analysis for further characterization. The reaction format can therefore be matched to the study's analytical goal.
The approach can be applied to proteins, glycans, lipids, and nucleic acids, allowing researchers to investigate chemically distinct classes of biomolecules with a related labeling principle. This breadth makes the method useful when a study compares molecular localization, trafficking, or interactions across different types of biological material.
These labels can reveal where biomolecules are localized, how they traffic, and which molecular interactions they participate in. Fluorescence imaging provides a spatial readout, whereas purification and biochemical analysis support examination of labeled material and its molecular relationships. Thus, the same selective chemistry connects cellular observations with downstream molecular characterization.