Queen Closer
Queen Closer - Related Videos
08:49
Assessing Agrochemical Risk to Mated Honey Bee Queens
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Cited by 9 •
2021
This protocol was developed to enhance the understanding of how agrochemicals affect honey bee (Apis mellifera) reproduction by establishing methods to expose honey bee queens and their worker caretakers to agrochemicals in a controlled, laboratory setting and carefully monitoring their relevant responses.
07:39
Evaluating the Effect of Environmental Chemicals on Honey Bee Development from the Individual to Colony Level
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Cited by 13 •
2017
Herein we present a method to feed pesticide contaminated food to both an individual honey bee and a beehive colony. The procedure evaluates the pesticide effect on individual honey bees by in vivo feeding of basic larval diet and also on the natural condition of beehive colony.
01:03
Altruism
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2019
Altruistic behaviors are “unselfish” behaviors—those that help another individual at the expense of the individual carrying out the behavior. Despite the negative consequences for the altruistic animal, these behaviors are thought to have evolved for several reasons. Reasons for Altruistic Behaviors First, most altruistic behavior occurs between individuals that are related. Altruism is particularly pronounced in animals that live in colonies with one reproductively capable female—the...
05:14
Eusociality and Division of Labor - Student Protocol
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2019
Simulating Eusocial and Solitary Behavior ExpandNote: In this simulation, you will portray either a eusocial or solitary animal. The goal of this simulation is to maximize your fitness by reproducing as many offspring as possible during the allotted five minutes. To do this, you must forage for resources and reproduce within the constraints of your assigned role. Assuming a class size of 10, 4 individuals should form the solitary, or the carpenter bee group, and the remaining 6 students should...
05:50
Eusociality and Division of Labor - Concepts
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2019
Social Organization Varying levels of social organization are observed within the animal kingdom, ranging from simple to highly complex. These systems can greatly enhance the survival and reproductive success of an individual or a population. Of these, eusociality is the highest level of social organization, involving divisions of labor based on social castes. However, this system is rarely observed in nature, as it requires individuals to help others in the population at great survival or...
FAQs
Its position helps regulate the masonry layout where courses meet at a corner. Placing the closer beside the quoin header offsets the adjacent vertical joint instead of allowing joints to continue in one line. This detailing preserves the intended bond pattern, supports more continuous corner construction, and produces a cleaner, more controlled junction.
The unit changes the width sequence within the course at the corner or junction. By introducing a controlled half-brick element beside the corner brick, the vertical joint shifts relative to joints in neighboring courses. That offset reduces direct alignment of joints, helping the bonded wall retain its planned arrangement and avoid a visually and structurally undesirable continuous joint.
Because it is made as an equal part of a full brick, the closer supplies a predictable dimension within the bond. That consistency helps masons maintain course alignment and the intended wall dimensions at corners. In turn, accurately arranged masonry provides better continuity for load transfer through the brickwork than an improvised or irregular closing piece.
A full brick is cut lengthwise into two equal parts to create the required unit. During laying, the mason incorporates it beside the quoin header or another corner brick, positioning it so the vertical joints follow the planned bond. Careful placement maintains the course dimensions, corner alignment, and intended offset through the junction.
They are most useful at corners and junctions in traditional bonded brick walls, where the bond must continue accurately around a change in direction or meeting point. Their use helps preserve consistent dimensions and alignment in these locally complex areas. They also contribute to the finished appearance by making the corner detailing deliberate rather than irregular.
Correct use supports accurate alignment, consistent masonry dimensions, and improved continuity at the corner or junction. The planned bond remains legible, vertical joints are offset, and load transfer through the brickwork is better organized. These effects matter both structurally and visually, particularly in traditional bonded walls where corner detailing strongly influences overall workmanship.