Parental Rnai
Parental Rnai - Related Videos
09:51
RNAi in C. elegans
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2023
RNA interference (RNAi) is a widely used technique in which double stranded RNA is exogenously introduced into an organism, causing knockdown of a target gene. In the nematode, C. elegans, RNAi is particularly easy and effective because it can be delivered simply by feeding the worms bacteria that express double stranded RNA (dsRNA) that is complementary to a gene of interest. First, this video will introduce the concept of RNA interference and explain how it causes targeted gene knockdown.
07:56
Bacterial Delivery of RNAi Effectors: Transkingdom RNAi
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Cited by 18 •
2010
For development of RNA interference (RNAi)-based therapies, a novel strategy was developed, transkingdom RNAi (tkRNAi). This technology uses non-pathogenic bacteria to produce and deliver therapeutic short hairpin RNA (shRNA) into target cells. Here, tkRNAi was successfully applied for reversal of classical ABCB1-mediated multidrug resistance (MDR) of cancer cells.
01:37
Parental Care
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2026
Many animals exhibit parental care behavior, including feeding, grooming, and protecting young offspring. Parental care is universal in mammals and birds, which often have young that are born relatively helpless. Several species of insects and fish, as well as some amphibians, also care for their young. Birds Parental care can occur even before hatching in birds, when parents sit on their eggs to incubate them. After hatching, the parents provide food for their offspring, and may continue to...
01:27
Parenting Styles
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2025
Diana Baumrind's four parenting styles — authoritarian, authoritative, neglectful, and permissive — each influence children's socio-emotional development differently. Authoritarian Parenting This style is strict and controlling, with little room for open dialogue. Authoritarian parents demand obedience and often enforce rules with minimal warmth. Children raised this way may lack social skills and initiative, usually comparing themselves to others unfavorably. Authoritative Parenting This...
02:29
Culturing and Maintenance of RNAi-Expressing Bacteria
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2025
Source: Anderson, Q. L., et al., A High-throughput, High-content, Liquid-based C. elegans Pathosystem. J. Vis. Exp. (2018)This video demonstrates the preparation of RNA interference (RNAi) bacteria carrying plasmids to inhibit target gene expression. It outlines RNAi bacterial selection, growth, and induction steps to produce dsRNA-expressing plates for downstream assays.
FAQs
Cellular enzymes process the introduced double-stranded RNA into small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs. These short molecules retain sequence information from the original RNA and guide an Argonaute-containing silencing complex toward messenger RNA with a complementary sequence. This processing step converts the initial input into a targeted intracellular signal that can reduce expression of the matching gene.
The Argonaute-containing silencing complex uses a small interfering RNA as a sequence-guided recognition molecule. When it encounters complementary messenger RNA, the complex promotes degradation of that transcript or blocks its translation. Because messenger RNA carries information needed for protein production, either outcome lowers expression of the selected gene without requiring direct manipulation of every progeny individual.
The method transfers a gene-silencing effect from a reproducing organism to its progeny. As a result, embryos and larvae can show reduced expression of a matching gene even when researchers do not treat each offspring separately. This cross-generational outcome is especially valuable when the developmental phenotype appears early, because gene function can be examined throughout progeny development.
A typical workflow introduces double-stranded RNA matching the gene of interest into a reproducing organism, allows reproduction to occur, and then examines the resulting embryos or larvae for consequences of reduced gene expression. Researchers compare progeny phenotypes or gene-expression effects with appropriate untreated or non-targeting conditions when those controls are included in the experimental design.
Parental RNAi is useful when a study needs to reduce expression of selected genes across many progeny without directly treating each individual. This makes it suitable for functional genomics, where researchers investigate what genes do by observing the consequences of their knockdown. The approach can connect a targeted sequence to developmental or other observable outcomes in genetically studied organisms.
In model nematodes, gene knockdown generated through the reproducing generation can be examined in embryos and larvae. Researchers can therefore connect reduced expression of a matching gene with developmental effects while following progeny stages. The method also provides a way to study inherited gene-silencing effects, adding a cross-generational dimension to genetic analyses of development.