Tear Fluid Biomarkers
Tear Fluid Biomarkers - Related Videos
08:16
Phenol Red Thread-based Sampling Procedure for Untargeted Tear Fluid Lipidomics in Biomarker Discovery
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2025
This protocol describes a unique clinical protocol for collecting human tear fluid samples using phenol red threads and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based workflow to discover the tear lipidomic profile. The simple methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE)/methanol biphasic separation method enables rapid tear lipid extraction with high recovery for tear biomarker discovery.
07:45
Tear-Derived Exosomal miR-15a as New Diagnostic Tool for Diabetic Retinopathy
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Cited by 1 •
2025
This article describes a protocol for the collection and detection of miR-15a from tears as a new diagnostic tool for diabetic retinopathy.
05:57
Sex Hormone Detection In Human Tear Film Using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays
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2026
This protocol describes an optimized enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method to detect and quantify 17β-estradiol and testosterone in human tear fluid collected via microcapillary tubes. This approach enables minimally invasive measurement of tear hormone levels.
08:29
Biomarkers in an Animal Model for Revealing Neural, Hematologic, and Behavioral Correlates of PTSD
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Cited by 29 •
2012
We describe a rat model of post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) that reveals the persistent alterations in neuroendocrine function and the delayed long-term, exaggerated fear response, characteristic of PTSD patients. The animal model and methods described here are useful for correlating biomarkers in brain nuclei, which are mechanistic but cannot be measured in patients, with biomarkers in peripheral white blood cells, which can.
08:28
An Overview of bGDGT Biomarker Analysis for Paleoclimatology
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2023
Source: Laboratory of Jeff Salacup - University of Massachusetts Amherst Throughout this series of videos, natural samples were extracted and purified in search of organic compounds, called biomarkers, that can relate information on climates and environments of the past. One of the samples analyzed was sediment. Sediments accumulate over geologic time in basins, depressions in the Earth into which sediment flows through the action of fluid (water or air), movement, and gravity. Two main types...
FAQs
The measured molecule class shapes the type of biological information obtained. Proteins, lipids, metabolites, electrolytes, and nucleic acids can each reveal different changes associated with inflammation, infection, tissue stress, or disease. Examining these signals allows researchers to connect tear composition with specific ocular surface conditions and, in some cases, broader physiological changes relevant to medical assessment.
Tears can contain molecular changes linked directly to the ocular surface, including signals associated with inflammation, infection, and tissue stress. The overview also indicates that some tear changes correspond to broader physiological alterations. This dual relevance makes tear analysis potentially useful for studying local eye conditions while exploring noninvasive indicators of systemic or wider biological processes.
Their main distinction is the sampling approach: tears can provide clinically relevant molecular measurements without relying entirely on invasive specimen collection. This may reduce sampling burden while still supporting assessment of disease-related changes. However, the value of the result depends on which proteins, lipids, metabolites, electrolytes, or nucleic acids are measured and how sensitively they are analyzed.
Researchers first collect a tear sample with an absorbent strip or a microcapillary tube. They then analyze the small sample for selected proteins, lipids, metabolites, electrolytes, or nucleic acids. The resulting measurements are interpreted for changes associated with inflammation, infection, tissue stress, or disease, creating a workflow from noninvasive collection to clinical information.
Tear-based measurements may support several clinical purposes, including diagnosis, disease monitoring, treatment assessment, and personalized care. Their usefulness is especially relevant when repeated or less invasive sampling could provide information about changing biological conditions. The same approach can also support research into ocular surface disorders and possible links between tear composition and broader physiological changes.
More sensitive assays could improve the detection of molecular changes in the limited amount of material available from tears. Small-volume analysis may likewise make it easier to extract useful information from minimal samples. Together, these advances could strengthen early detection and broaden the clinical value of tear-based testing across diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment-related assessment.