Vision begins when light from an object in the natural world reaches the eye. The eye’s optics are responsible to form a sharp, high-contrast, two-dimensional image of the real object on the ocular fundus, and the retina turns that image to electrical impulses to ultimately create visual perception. 

Image quality on the retina can be affected by the optical characteristics of the optical media in the eye. Optical aberrations, reduced optical transparency, anatomical and geometrical characteristics of the eye can all lead to a blurry or low contrast image at the retina, and consequently poor image quality for the individual. Equivalently, when the ocular fundus is imaged by an imaging instrument, the quality of the acquired fundus image depends on the optical quality of the eye’s optical elements. 

There is a large number of laboratory and commercial methods to evaluate the eye’s optical characteristics and extract physical quantities and metrics to accurately quantify the type and amount of aberrations or the clarity of the ocular media of an individual. The current collection aims to bring together a wide range of methods used in the study of the optics of the human natural or pseudophakic eye as well as applications to improve vision and to image the ocular fundus. In-vivo or ex-vivo methods, using commercial instruments or laboratory prototypes, such refractometry, adaptive optics, optical coherent tomography, two-photon microscopy, or psychophysical methods for the study of vision are all welcome in the collection of techniques.