Sigmoïdoscopie en laparoscopie

Sigmoidoscopy uses a flexible sigmoidoscope to visualize the rectum and sigmoid colon for abnormalities like polyps, cancer, or bleeding.

It is inserted through the anus and guided into the colon.

Patient preparation includes a clear liquid diet the day before, overnight fasting, and 1-2 tap-water enemas before the procedure.

Instruct the patient to maintain the knee-chest position, breathe deeply during scope insertion, and expect an urge to defecate as the scope advances.

During the procedure, monitor vital signs, pain, and vagal responses such as lightheadedness.

After the procedure, monitor for rectal bleeding and signs of intestinal perforation, such as abdominal distention.

Next, laparoscopy is a keyhole surgical procedure using a fiberoptic instrument to visualize abdominal organs or perform small surgeries like appendectomies.

Patient preparation involves obtaining consent, keeping an 8-hour NPO, cleansing enema before the procedure, and administering preoperative sedatives.

Postoperative care includes monitoring vital signs, administering analgesics, and assessing the incision site and bowel sounds.