Method Article

Techniek Driedimensionale epitheelweefsels Embedded binnen extracellulaire matrix

DOI:

10.3791/54283

July 10th, 2016

In This Article

Summary

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Dit manuscript beschrijft een zachte lithografie gebaseerde techniek uniforme arrays van driedimensionale (3D) epitheliale weefsels gedefinieerde geometrische midden van extracellulaire matrix ingenieur. Deze methode is vatbaar voor een grote verscheidenheid aan celtypen en experimentele contexten en zorgt voor high-throughput screening van identieke herhalingen.

Abstract

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The architecture of branched organs such as the lungs, kidneys, and mammary glands arises through the developmental process of branching morphogenesis, which is regulated by a variety of soluble and physical signals in the microenvironment. Described here is a method created to study the process of branching morphogenesis by forming engineered three-dimensional (3D) epithelial tissues of defined shape and size that are completely embedded within an extracellular matrix (ECM). This method enables the formation of arrays of identical tissues and enables the control of a variety of environmental factors, including tissue geometry, spacing, and ECM composition. This method can also be combined with widely used techniques such as traction force microscopy (TFM) to gain more information about the interactions between cells and their surrounding ECM. The protocol can be used to investigate a variety of cell and tissue processes beyond branching morphogenesis, including cancer invasion.

Introduction

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De ontwikkeling van vertakte epitheliale weefsels, zogenaamde vertakking morfogenese wordt geregeld door cel afkomstige, fysieke en omgevingsfactoren. In de melkklier, vertakkende morfogenese is een iteratief proces waarbij geleid collectieve celmigratie wordt een boom-achtige architectuur. De eerste stap is primair knopvorming uit de melkkanalen, gevolgd door tak initiatie en elongatie 1,2. Invasie van takken in het omliggende stroma wordt geïnduceerd door de systemische afgifte van steroïde hormonen in de puberteit. Nieuwe primaire knoppen vervolgens initiëren van de uiteinden van de bestaande vestigingen, en dit proces blijft een epitheliale boom 3....

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Protocol

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1. Voorbereiding van de Solutions

  1. Een 5 mg / ml oplossing van insuline te bereiden, verdun het gepoederde insuline leverbaar met 5 mM zoutzuur (HCl) in dH 2 O (500 mg insuline in 100 ml oplosmiddel). Bereid 100 ml oplosmiddel door toevoeging van 50 pi geconcentreerd HCl aan 100 ml gedestilleerd water (dH 2 O).
  2. Aan een oplossing van 1x PBS te verdunnen 10x fosfaatgebufferde zoutoplossing (PBS) stockoplossing aan 1x met dH 2 O onder steriele omstandigheden.
  3. Bereid de polydimethylsiloxaan (PDMS) elastomeeroplossing als volgt: meng de PDMS prepolymeer met het hardingsmiddel in een 10: 1 (w: w) verhouding.

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Results

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Algemeen schema van borstklieren epitheelweefsel microfabrication

Een algemeen schema van de microfabrication procedure waarin het experimentele workflow wordt weergegeven in figuur 1. Het resultaat is een array van epitheliale weefsels van identieke geometrie en afstand die volledig zijn ingebed in een gel ECM. Een representatief experiment gebruikt EpH4 muizen mammaire epitheliale cellen gekweekt in een gel van bovine type .......

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Discussion

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The protocol described above outlines a method to produce identical epithelial tissues of pre-defined shape, enabling spatial control of the mechanical stress experienced by cells in the tissue. An elastomeric mold is used to create cavities in type I collagen that are then filled with epithelial cells and covered with an additional collagen layer such that cells are completely encapsulated in a 3D collagen matrix environment. Further culture of these tissues and treatment with growth factors to induce branching from the.......

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Disclosures

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The authors declare that they have no competing financial interests.

Acknowledgements

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Dit werk werd mede ondersteund door subsidies van de NIH (HL118532, HL120142, CA187692), de David en Lucile Packard Foundation, de Camille en Henry Dreyfus Stichting, en de Burroughs Welcome Fund. ASP werd mede ondersteund door een Charlotte Elizabeth Procter eretitel Fellowship.

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Materials

List of materials used in this article
NameCompanyCatalog NumberComments
Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)Ellsworth AdhesivesSylgard 184
PDMS curing agentEllsworth AdhesivesSylgard 184
Lithographically patterned silicon masterself-madeN/A
Plastic weigh boatFisher Scientific08-732-115
100-mm-diameter Petri dishesBioExpressD-2550-2
Ethyl Alcohol 200 ProofPharmco-Aaper111000200Make a 70% EtOH (v:v) solution by mixing with dH2O
Razor bladeAmerican Safety Razor620179
1:1 Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium : Ham’s F12 Nutrient Mixture (DMEM/F12) (1:1)HycloneSH30023FS
Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS)Atlanta BiologicalsS11150H
10x Hank’s balanced salt solution (HBSS)Life Technologies14185-052
InsulinSigma AldrichI6634-500MG
GentamicinLife Technologies15750-060
10x Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)Fisher ScientificBP399-500
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)Sigma Aldrich221465-500G
Bovine type I collagen (non-pepsinized)KokenIAC-50
Albumin from bovine serum (BSA)Sigma AldrichA-7906
Curved stainless steel tweezersDumont7
35-mm-diameter tissue culture dishesBioExpressT-2881-6
15 ml conical tubesBioExpressC-3394-2
1.5 ml Eppendorf Safe-Lock TubeUSA Scientific1615-5500
Circular #1 glass coverslips, 15-mm in diameterBellco Glass Inc.Special order
0.05% 1x Trypsin-EDTALife Technologies25300-054
ParaformaldehydeVWR100503-916
Triton X-100Perkin ElmerN9300260Detergent
HGFSigma AldrichH 9661Resuspended in dH2O at 50 mg/ml
Rabbit anti-mouse FAK antibodyLife TechnologiesAMO0672
Goat anti-rabbit Alexa 488 antibodyLife TechnologiesA-11034
Adobe PhotoshopAdobeN/AUsed for color-coding pixel frequency maps.
FIJI (ImageJ)NIHN/AFree image analysis software used for thresholding, registering, and overlaying images to create a pixel frequency map. The StackReg plugin was used for registering binary images.

References

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  1. Affolter, M., et al. Tube or not tube: remodeling epithelial tissues by branching morphogenesis. Dev Cell. 4 (1), 11-18 (2003).
  2. Zhu, W., Nelson, C. M. PI3K signaling in the regulation of branching morphogenesis. Biosystems. 109 (3), 403-411 (2012).<....

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Tags

3D Epithelial TissuesBranching MorphogenesisExtracellular MatrixCollagen GelPDMS StampsTraction Force MicroscopyCell SeedingTissue GeometryHGF TreatmentFocal Adhesion Kinase

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