Method Article

Een methode voor het meten Metabolisme in gesorteerde subpopulaties van Complex Cell Gemeenschappen Met behulp van stabiele isotoop Tracing

DOI:

10.3791/55011

February 4th, 2017

In This Article

Summary

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This article describes a method for studying cellular metabolism in complex communities of multiple cell types, using a combination of stable isotope tracing, cell sorting to isolate specific cell types, and mass spectrometry.

Abstract

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Mammalian cell types exhibit specialized metabolism, and there is ample evidence that various co-existing cell types engage in metabolic cooperation. Moreover, even cultures of a single cell type may contain cells in distinct metabolic states, such as resting or cycling cells. Methods for measuring metabolic activities of such subpopulations are valuable tools for understanding cellular metabolism. Complex cell populations are most commonly separated using a cell sorter, and subpopulations isolated by this method can be analyzed by metabolomics methods. However, a problem with this approach is that the cell sorting procedure subjects cells to stresses that may distort their metabolism.

To overcome these issues, we reasoned that the mass isotopomer distributions (MIDs) of metabolites from cells cultured with stable isotope-labeled nutrients are likely to be more stable than absolute metabolite concentrations, because MIDs are formed over longer time scales and should be less affected by short-term exposure to cell sorting conditions. Here, we describe a method based on this principle, combining cell sorting with liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). The procedure involves analyzing three types of samples: (1) metabolite extracts obtained directly from the complex population; (2) extracts of "mock sorted" cells passed through the cell sorter instrument without gating any specific population; and (3) extracts of the actual sorted populations. The mock sorted cells are compared against direct extraction to verify that MIDs are indeed not altered by the cell sorting procedure itself, prior to analyzing the actual sorted populations. We show example results from HeLa cells sorted according to cell cycle phase, revealing changes in nucleotide metabolism.

Introduction

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Hogere organismen bevatten complexe gemeenschappen van verschillende celtypen die samenwerken om meer complexe functies te brengen. Bijvoorbeeld tumoren bevatten niet alleen kankercellen, maar ook fibroblasten, cellen die bloedvaten vormen, vaak immuuncel infiltraten 1; bloed bevat een complex mengsel van tientallen immuuncel subtypen 2; en zelfs gekweekte cellijnen kunnen bestaan uit meerdere subpopulaties, zoals de luminale en basale subtypes van borstkankercellen 3. Bovendien verschillende celtypen die naast elkaar kunnen metabole "samenwerken" vertonen. Bijvoorbeeld in de hersenen, astrocyten....

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Protocol

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1. Metabolite Extraction

  1. Extractie uit schotel
    1. Kweekcellen in een 6-wells plaat in drievoud in stabiele isotoop gelabelde kweekmedia + gedialyseerd supplementen (serum of andere groeisupplementen) tot cellen 75% confluent.
      OPMERKING: Hier kweek HeLa cellen gedurende 48 uur in RPMI dat 40% U- 13 C-glucose en 70% U- 13 C, 15 N2-glutamine en 5% gedialyseerd FBS (foetaal runderserum). Gedialyseerd FBS wordt gebruikt om zich te ontdoen van de kleine moleculair gewicht metabolieten die de gelabelde media kunnen besmetten. Het kweken van cellen in aanvulling gedialyseerd voorafgaand aan de werkelij....

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Results

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Als voorbeeld beschrijven we een experiment onderzoek naar het metabolisme van HeLa cellen gesorteerd volgens celcyclus fase. Een groot aantal centrale metabolieten zowel koolstofatomen en stikstofatomen labelen we gekweekte cellen gedurende 48 uur met gebruik van U-13C-glucose en U- 13 C, 15 N-glutamine als tracers. Rijke MID voor validatieproef verkrijgen we hier gekozen voor een mengsel van 40% U- 13 C-glucose en 70% U- 13 C,

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Discussion

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Onze werkwijze is gebaseerd op het principe dat MID in cellulaire metabolieten weerspiegelen de "geschiedenis" van metabolische activiteiten van een cel. Dit maakt het mogelijk om metabolische activiteiten onderzoeken subpopulatie van cellen, zoals ze zich in het complex door cellen, vóór de celsortering procedure. In tegenstelling piekoppervlakken van metabolieten verschillen sterk tussen de extracten van gesorteerde cellen en directe extractie uit de cultuur schotel 11. Voor een deel .......

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Disclosures

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De auteurs hebben niets te onthullen.

Acknowledgements

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The authors would like to thank Dr. Anas Kamleh for valuable help with optimizing mass spectrometry methods, and Annika von Vollenhoven for assistance with cell sorting. This research was supported by the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research (grant no. FFL12-0220) and the Strategic Programme in Cancer Research (IR, RN); the Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation (CEW, HG); and Mary Kay Foundation (JW, MJ).

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Materials

List of materials used in this article
NameCompanyCatalog NumberComments
HBSSSigmaH6648
INFLUX (inFlux v7 Sorter)BD Biosciences
U-13C-GlucoseCambridge isotopes40762-22-9 / GLC-018
U-13C,15N2-GlutamineCambridge isotopesCNLM-1275-H-0.1
Methanol (JT Baker), HPLC gradeVWRBAKR8402.2500
Ultrafree - MC - VV centrifugal Filters. Durapore PVDF 0.1 µmMilliporeUFC30VV00
Ultimate 3,000 UHPLCThermo Fisher scientific
Q-Exactive Orbitrap Mass spectrometerThermo Fisher scientific
Merk-Sequant ZIC HILIC column (150 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 µm)Merck KGaA1.50444.0001
Merk-Sequant ZIC HILIC guard column (20 mm x 2.1 mm)Merck KGaA
Acetonitrile Optima LC-MS, amber glassFisher ScientificA955-212
Milli-Q waterMilliporeProduced with a Milli-Q Gradient system
Myrsyra 99.5% Optima (Formic acid)Fisher Scientific11423423
X100 Screw Vial 1.5 ml, 8-425 32x11.6 mm, amber, 100 unitsThermo Fisher scientific10560053
X100 Lock Skruv Vitt PTFE Packing 8-425 (Screw caps)Thermo Fisher scientific12458636
ProteoMass LTQ/FT-Hybrid ESI Pos. Mode Cal MixSigma-AldrichMSCAL5Calibration kit
SNAKESKIN 10K MWCO Thermo Fisher scientific88245
Mathematica v.10 Wolfram Research

References

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  1. Gregersen, P. K. Cell type-specific eQTLs in the human immune system. Nat. Genet. 44 (5), 478-480 (2012).
  2. Heppner, G. H. Tumor heterogeneity. Cancer Res. 44 (6), 2259-2265 (1984).
  3. Prat, A., et al.

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Tags

Stable Isotope TracingCell SortingMetabolite ExtractionLC HRMS AnalysisMass Isotopomer DistributionsCell Cycle SortingMock Sorted CellsMetabolic CollaborationNucleotide MetabolismFlow Cytometry

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