Method Article

Flowcytometrische analyse van meerdere mitochondriale parameters in door de mens geïnduceerde pluripotente stamcellen en hun neurale en gliaderivaten

DOI:

10.3791/63116

November 8th, 2021

In This Article

Summary

Loading...
$$\rightleftharpoonup{xx}$$ $$\longleftharp{xx}$$, $$\longrightharp{xx}$$,

Deze studie rapporteert een nieuwe benadering om meerdere mitochondriale functionele parameters te meten op basis van flowcytometrie en dubbele kleuring met twee fluorescerende melders of antilichamen om veranderingen in mitochondriaal volume, mitochondriaal membraanpotentiaal, reactief zuurstofsoortniveau, mitochondriale ademhalingsketensamenstelling en mitochondriaal DNA te detecteren.

Abstract

Loading...
$$\rightleftharpoonup{xx}$$ $$\longleftharp{xx}$$, $$\longrightharp{xx}$$,

Mitochondriën zijn belangrijk in de pathofysiologie van veel neurodegeneratieve ziekten. Veranderingen in mitochondriaal volume, mitochondriaal membraanpotentiaal (MMP), mitochondriale productie van reactieve zuurstofsoorten (ROS) en mitochondriaal DNA (mtDNA) kopienummer zijn vaak kenmerken van deze processen. Dit rapport beschrijft een nieuwe op flowcytometrie gebaseerde benadering om meerdere mitochondriale parameters in verschillende celtypen te meten, waaronder door mensen geïnduceerde pluripotente stamcellen (iPSC's) en van iPSC afgeleide neurale en gliacellen. Deze op stroom gebaseerde strategie maakt gebruik van levende cellen om mitochondriaal volume, MMP- en ROS-niveaus te meten, evenals vaste cellen om componenten van de mitochondriale ademhalingsketen (MRC) en mtDNA-geassocieerde eiwitten zoals mitochondriale transcriptiefactor A (TFAM) te schatten.

Door co-kleuring met fluorescerende verslaggevers, waaronder MitoTracker Green (MTG), tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester (TMRE) en MitoSox Red, kunnen veranderingen in mitochondriaal volume, MMP en mitochondriale ROS worden gekwantificeerd en gerelateerd aan mitochondriaal gehalte. Dubbele kleuring met antilichamen tegen MRC-complexe subeenheden en translocase van buitenste mitochondriaal membraan 20 (TOMM20) maakt de beoordeling van MRC-subeenheidexpressie mogelijk. Omdat de hoeveelheid TFAM evenredig is met het mtDNA-kopienummer, geeft de meting van TFAM per TOMM20 een indirecte meting van mtDNA per mitochondriaal volume. Het gehele protocol kan binnen 2-3 uur worden uitgevoerd. Belangrijk is dat deze protocollen de meting van mitochondriale parameters mogelijk maken, zowel op het totale niveau als op het specifieke niveau per mitochondriaal volume, met behulp van flowcytometrie.

Introduction

Loading...
$$\rightleftharpoonup{xx}$$ $$\longleftharp{xx}$$, $$\longrightharp{xx}$$,

Mitochondriën zijn essentiële organellen die in bijna alle eukaryote cellen aanwezig zijn. Mitochondriën zijn verantwoordelijk voor de energievoorziening door adenosinetrifosfaat (ATP) te produceren via oxidatieve fosforylering en fungeren als metabole intermediairs voor biosynthese en metabolisme. Mitochondriën zijn nauw betrokken bij vele andere belangrijke cellulaire processen, zoals ROS-generatie, celdood en intracellulaire Ca2 + -regulatie. Mitochondriale disfunctie is in verband gebracht met verschillende neurodegeneratieve ziekten, waaronder de ziekte van Parkinson (PD), de ziekte van Alzheimer (AD), de ziekte van Huntington (HD), Friedreich's ataxie....

Access restricted. Please log in or start a trial to view this content.

Protocol

Loading...
$$\rightleftharpoonup{xx}$$ $$\longleftharp{xx}$$, $$\longrightharp{xx}$$,

OPMERKING: Zie de tabel met materialen en de aanvullende tabel S1 voor recepten van alle media en oplossingen die in dit protocol worden gebruikt.

1. Differentiatie van menselijke iPSC's in NCS'en, dopaminerge (DA) neuronen en astrocyten

  1. Bereid matrix-gecoate platen voor.
    1. Ontdooi een flacon met 5 ml matrix op ijs een nacht. Verdun 1 ml matrix met 99 ml koude Advanced Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium/Ham's F-12 (Advanced DMEM/F12) (1% eindconcentratie). Maak 1 ml aliquots en bewaar ze bij -20 °C.
    2. Ontdooi de matrixoplossing bij 4 °C (houd het koud) en bestrijk 6 pu....

Access restricted. Please log in or start a trial to view this content.

Results

Loading...
$$\rightleftharpoonup{xx}$$ $$\longleftharp{xx}$$, $$\longrightharp{xx}$$,

Een schematische beschrijving van de differentiatiemethode en flowcytometrische strategieën is weergegeven in figuur 3. Menselijke iPSC's worden gedifferentieerd in neurale rozetten en vervolgens opgetild in suspensiecultuur voor differentiatie in neurale sferen. Neurale bollen worden verder gedifferentieerd en gerijpt tot DA-neuronen. Neurale bollen worden gedissocieerd in afzonderlijke cellen om glia-astrocyten te genereren, opnieuw geplateerd in monolagen als NSC's en vervolgens gediffere.......

Access restricted. Please log in or start a trial to view this content.

Discussion

Loading...
$$\rightleftharpoonup{xx}$$ $$\longleftharp{xx}$$, $$\longrightharp{xx}$$,

Hierin zijn protocollen voor het genereren van iPSC-afgeleide neuronen en astrocyten en het evalueren van meerdere aspecten van mitochondriale functie met behulp van flowcytometrie. Deze protocollen maken een efficiënte omzetting van menselijke iPSC's in zowel neuronen als glia-astrocyten mogelijk en de gedetailleerde karakterisering van mitochondriale functie, meestal in levende cellen. De protocollen bieden ook een co-staining flowcytometrie-gebaseerde strategie voor het verwerven en analyseren van meerdere mitochondri.......

Access restricted. Please log in or start a trial to view this content.

Disclosures

Loading...
$$\rightleftharpoonup{xx}$$ $$\longleftharp{xx}$$, $$\longrightharp{xx}$$,

De auteurs hebben geen belangenconflicten te onthullen.

Acknowledgements

Loading...
$$\rightleftharpoonup{xx}$$ $$\longleftharp{xx}$$, $$\longrightharp{xx}$$,

We danken het Molecular Imaging Centre en de Flow Cytometry Core Facility aan de Universiteit van Bergen in Noorwegen. Dit werk werd ondersteund door financiering van de Norwegian Research Council (Grant number: 229652), Rakel og Otto Kr.Bruuns legat en de China Scholarship Council (projectnummer: 201906220275).

....

Access restricted. Please log in or start a trial to view this content.

Materials

List of materials used in this article
NameCompanyCatalog NumberComments
anti-Oct4Abcamab19857, RRID:AB_445175Primary Antibody; use as 1:100, 10 μL in 1000 μL staining solution; use Alexa Fluor ® 488 goat anti-rabbit IgG  (1:400, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Catalog # A-11008) as secondary antibody.
anti-SSEA4Abcamab16287, RRID:AB_778073Primary Antibody; use as 1:100, 10 μL in 1000 μL staining solution; use Alexa Fluor ® 594 goat anti-mouse IgG (1:800, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Catalog # A-11005) as secondary antibody.
anti-Sox2Abcamab97959, RRID:AB_2341193Primary Antibody; use as 1:100, 10 μL in 1000 μL staining solution; use Alexa Fluor ® 488 goat anti-rabbit IgG  (1:400, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Catalog # A-11008) as secondary antibody.
anti-Pax6Abcamab5790, RRID:AB_305110Primary Antibody; use as 1:100, 10 μL in 1000 μL staining solution; use Alexa Fluor ® 488 goat anti-rabbit IgG  (1:400, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Catalog # A-11008) as secondary antibody.
anti-NestinSanta Cruz Biotechnologysc-23927, RRID:AB_627994Primary Antibody; use as 1:50, 20 μL in 1000 μL staining solution; use Alexa Fluor ® 594 goat anti-mouse IgG (1:800, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Catalog # A-11005) as secondary antibody.
anti-GFAPAbcamab4674, RRID:AB_304558Primary Antibody; use as 1:100, 10 μL in 1000 μL staining solution;  use Alexa Fluor ® 594 goat anti-chicken IgG (1:800, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Catalog # A-11042) as secondary antibody.
anti-S100β  conjugated with Alexa Fluor 488Abcamab196442, RRID:AB_2722596Primary Antibody; use as 1:400, 2.5 μL in 1000 μL staining solution;
anti-THAbcamab75875, RRID:AB_1310786Primary Antibody; use as 1:100, 10 μL in 1000 μL staining solution; use Alexa Fluor ® 488 goat anti-rabbit IgG  (1:400, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Catalog # A-11008) as secondary antibody.
anti-Tuj 1Abcamab78078, RRID:AB_2256751Primary Antibody; use as 1:1000, 1 μL in 1000 μL staining solution; use Alexa Fluor ® 594 goat anti-mouse IgG (1:800, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Catalog # A-11005) as secondary antibody.
anti-SynaptophysinAbcamab32127, RRID:AB_2286949Primary Antibody; use as 1:100, 10 μL in 1000 μL staining solution; use Alexa Fluor ® 488 goat anti-rabbit IgG  (1:400, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Catalog # A-11008) as secondary antibody.
anti-PSD-95Abcamab2723, RRID:AB_303248Primary Antibody; use as 1:100, 10 μL in 1000 μL staining solution;  use Alexa Fluor ® 594 goat anti-chicken IgG (1:800, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Catalog # A-11042) as secondary antibody.
anti-TFAM conjugated with Alexa Fluor 488Abcamab198308Primary Antibody; use as 1:400, 2.5 μL in 1000 μL staining solution; use mouse monoclonal IgG2b  Alexa Fluor® 488 as an isotype control.
anti-TOMM20 conjugated with Alexa Fluor 488Santa Cruz BiotechnologyCat# sc-17764 RRID:AB_628381Primary Antibody; use as 1:400, 2.5 μL in 1000 μL staining solution; use mouse monoclonal IgG2a  Alexa Fluor® 488 as an isotype control.
anti-NDUFB10Abcamab196019Primary Antibody; use as 1:1000, 1 μL in 1000 μL staining solution; use Alexa Fluor ® 488 goat anti-rabbit IgG  (1:400, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Catalog # A-11008) as secondary antibody; use rabbit monoclonal IgG as an isotype control.
anti-SDHAAbcamab137040Primary Antibody; use as 1:1000, 1 μL in 1000 μL staining solution;  use Alexa Fluor ® 488 goat anti-rabbit IgG  (1:400, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Catalog # A-11008) as secondary antibody; use rabbit monoclonal IgG as an isotype control.
anti-COX IVAbcamab14744, RRID:AB_301443Primary Antibody; use as 1:1000, 1 μL in 1000 μL staining solution; use  Alexa Fluor ® 488 goat anti-mouse IgG  (1:400, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Catalog # A-11001) as secondary antibody; use mouse monoclonal IgG as an isotype control.
Activin APeproTech120-14EAstrocyte differentiation medium ingredient
ABM Basal MediumLonzaCC-3187Basal medium for astrocyte culture
AGM SingleQuots Supplement PackLonzaCC-4123Supplement for astrocyte culture
Antibiotic-AntimycoticThermo Fisher Scientific15240062CDM ingredient
Advanced DMEM/F-12Thermo Fisher Scientific12634010Basal medium for dilute Geltrex
Bovine Serum AlbuminEuropa BioproductsEQBAH62-1000Blocking agent to prevent non-specific binding of antibodies in immunostaining assays and CDM ingredient
BDNFPeproTech450-02DA neurons medium ingredient
B-27 SupplementThermo Fisher Scientific17504044Astrocyte differentiation medium ingredient
BD Accuri C6 Plus Flow CytometerBD Biosciences, USA
Chemically Defined Lipid ConcentrateThermo Fisher Scientific11905031CDM ingredient
Collagenase IVThermo Fisher Scientific17104019Reagent for gentle dissociation of human iPSCs
CCD Microscope Camera Leica DFC3000 GLeica Microsystems, Germany
Corning non-treated culture dishesSigma-AldrichCLS430589Suspension culture
DPBSThermo Fisher Scientific14190250Used for a variety of cell culture wash
DMEM/F-12, GlutaMAX supplementThermo Fisher Scientific10565018Astrocyte differentiation basal Medium
EDTAThermo Fisher Scientific15575020Reagent for gentle dissociation of human iPSCs
Essential 8 Basal MediumThermo Fisher ScientificA1516901Basal medium for iPSC culture
Essential 8 Supplement (50X)Thermo Fisher ScientificA1517101Supplement for iPSC culture
EGF Recombinant Human ProteinThermo Fisher ScientificPHG0314Supplement for NSC culture
FGF-basic (AA 10–155) Recombinant Human ProteinThermo Fisher ScientificPHG0024Supplement for NSC culture
Fetal Bovine SerumSigma-Aldrich12103CMedium ingredient
FGF-basicPeproTech100-18BAstrocyte differentiation medium ingredient
FCCPAbcamab120081Eliminates mitochondrial membrane potential and TMRE staining
Fluid aspiration system BVC controlVacuubrand, Germany
Formaldehyde (PFA) 16%Thermo Fisher Scientific28908Cell fixation
GeltrexThermo Fisher ScientificA1413302Used for attachment and maintenance of human iPSCs
GlutaMAX SupplementThermo Fisher Scientific35050061Supplement for NSC culture
GDNFPeprotech450-10DA neurons medium ingredient
GlycineSigma-AldrichG8898Used for blocking buffer
Ham's F-12 Nutrient MixThermo Fisher Scientific31765027Basal medium for CDM
Heregulin beta-1 humanSigma-AldrichSRP3055Astrocyte differentiation medium ingredient
Hoechst 33342Thermo Fisher ScientificH1399Stain the nuclei for confocal image
Heracell 150i CO2 IncubatorsFisher Scientific, USA
IMDMThermo Fisher Scientific21980032Basal medium for CDM
InsulinRoche1376497CDM ingredient
InSolution AMPK InhibitorSigma-Aldrich171261Neural induction medium ingredient
Insulin-like Growth Factor-I humanSigma-AldrichI3769Astrocyte differentiation medium ingredient
KnockOut DMEM/F-12 mediumThermo Fisher Scientific12660012Basal medium for NSC culture
LamininSigma-AldrichL2020Promotes attachment and growth of neural cells in vitro
Leica TCS SP8 STED confocal microscopeLeica Microsystems, Germany
MonothioglycerolSigma-AldrichM6145CDM ingredient
MitoTracker Green FMThermo Fisher ScientificM7514Used for mitochondrial volume indicator
MitoSox RedThermo Fisher ScientificM36008Used for mitochondrial ROS indicator
N-Acetyl-L-cysteineSigma-AldrichA7250Neural induction medium ingredient
N-2 SupplementThermo Fisher Scientific17502048Astrocyte differentiation medium ingredient
Normal goat serumThermo Fisher ScientificPCN5000Used for blocking buffer
Orbital shakers - SSM1Stuart Equipment, UK
Poly-L-ornithine solutionSigma-AldrichP4957Promotes attachment and growth of neural cells in vitro
Poly-D-lysine hydrobromideSigma-AldrichP7405Promotes attachment and growth of neural cells in vitro
PurmorphamineSTEMCELL Technologies72204Promotes DA neuron differentiation
ProLong Gold Antifade MountantThermo Fisher ScientificP36930Mounting the coverslip for confocal image
PBS 1xThermo Fisher Scientific18912014Used for a variety of wash
Recombinant Human/Mouse FGF-8b ProteinR&D Systems423-F8-025/CFPromotes DA neuron differentiation
SB 431542Tocris BioscienceTB1614-GMPNeural Induction Medium ingredient
StemPro Neural SupplementThermo Fisher ScientificA10508-01Supplement for NSCs culture
TrypLE Express EnzymeThermo Fisher Scientific12604013Cell dissociation reagent
TransferrinRoche652202CDM ingredient
TRITON X-100VWR International9002-93-1Used for cells permeabilization in immunostaining assays
TMREAbcamab113852Used for mitochondrial membrane potential staining
Water Bath Jb Academy Basic Jba5 JBA5 Grant InstrumentsGrant Instruments, USA

References

Loading...
$$\rightleftharpoonup{xx}$$ $$\longleftharp{xx}$$, $$\longrightharp{xx}$$,
  1. Wang, Y., Xu, E., Musich, P. R., Lin, F. Mitochondrial dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases and the potential countermeasure. CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics. 25 (7), 816-824 (2019).
  2. Chen, A., et al.

Access restricted. Please log in or start a trial to view this content.

Reprints and Permissions

Request permission to reuse the text or figures of this JoVE article

Request Permission

Tags

Flow CytometryMitochondrial ParametersInduced Pluripotent Stem CellsNeural DerivativesGlial DerivativesMitochondrial Membrane PotentialReactive Oxygen SpeciesMitochondrial VolumeMitochondrial DNA CopyMitochondrial Respiratory Chain

Related Articles