Graphite Furnace
Graphite Furnace - Related Videos
11:14
Two-way Valorization of Blast Furnace Slag: Synthesis of Precipitated Calcium Carbonate and Zeolitic Heavy Metal Adsorbent
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Cited by 6 •
2017
A protocol for the parallel production of precipitated calcium carbonate and zeolitic material from blast furnace slag via mineral carbonation and alkaline hydrothermal conversion, respectively, is presented. The performance of the zeolitic material towards nickel adsorption is tested.
10:41
The Effect of Charging and Discharging Lithium Iron Phosphate-graphite Cells at Different Temperatures on Degradation
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Cited by 6 •
2018
This article describes the effect of dissimilar charging/discharging temperatures on the degradation of lithium iron phosphate-graphite pouch cells, aiming at simulating close to real case scenarios. In total, 10 temperature combinations are investigated in the range -20 to 30 °C in order to analyze the impact of temperature on degradation.
07:03
In Situ Surface Temperature Measurement in a Conveyor Belt Furnace via Inline Infrared Thermography
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Cited by 3 •
2020
This protocol describes how to install an infrared camera into a conveyor belt furnace, conduct a customer correction of a factory calibrated IR camera, and evaluate the spatial surface temperature distribution of an object of interest. The example objects are industrial silicon solar cells.
11:07
Synthesis of Non-uniformly Pr-doped SrTiO3 Ceramics and Their Thermoelectric Properties
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Cited by 4 •
2015
A protocol for the synthesis and processing of polycrystalline SrTiO3 ceramics doped non-uniformly with Pr is presented along with the investigation of their thermoelectric properties.
08:01
Fabrication of 3D Carbon Microelectromechanical Systems (C-MEMS)
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Cited by 6 •
2017
Long and hollow glassy carbon microfibers were fabricated based on the pyrolysis of a natural product, human hair. The two fabrication steps of carbon microelectromechanical and carbon nanoelectromechanical systems, or C-MEMS and C-NEMS, are: (i) photolithography of a carbon-rich polymer precursor and (ii) pyrolysis of the patterned polymer precursor.
FAQs
The heating cycle separates sample treatment into drying, matrix removal, and atomization stages. Drying removes solvent, matrix removal reduces interference from the biological material, and atomization converts the target element into free atoms. This sequence allows the element-specific light beam to interact with a more suitable atomic population, supporting measurement of very low concentrations in complex samples.
The graphite tube provides the small, controlled environment in which the injected sample undergoes electrical heating. Because the sample is handled in a confined space and heated through a programmed sequence, the target element can be converted into free atoms for absorption measurement. This design supports trace analysis when only a small volume of biological sample is available.
Element identification depends on absorption of element-specific light by the free atoms produced during atomization. A metal contributes to the measured signal when its atoms absorb the corresponding light, allowing different targets such as iron, copper, zinc, or lead to be examined. The approach therefore links the optical response to the particular element being quantified.
A small portion of the biological sample is injected into the graphite tube, followed by the programmed electrical heating cycle. The sample is first dried, then treated to remove its matrix, and finally atomized. During atomization, element-specific light passes through the free atoms, and the resulting absorption is used to quantify the selected trace element.
Graphite furnace methods can be applied to proteins, cells, tissues, and biological fluids when the objective is to quantify trace metals. These samples may contain substantial biological material that forms a matrix during analysis, so the heating sequence is important for preparing the target element for measurement. The method is especially useful when concentrations are very low.
Biochemists use this approach to investigate metal homeostasis, enzyme function, contamination, and disease-related changes. Measurements of iron, copper, zinc, or lead can reveal differences in metal content among proteins, cells, tissues, or biological fluids. Such results help connect trace-element concentrations with biochemical processes or altered biological conditions.