Alpha-fetoprotein Level
Alpha-fetoprotein Level - Related Videos
01:30
Detection of Phosphorylated Alpha-Synuclein Using Western Blotting
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2025
Add a loading buffer containing a detergent, a reducing agent, and a tracking dye.
03:25
Immunostaining of Neurons Treated with Alpha-Synuclein Aggregates
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2025
This video demonstrates the immunostaining of neurons treated with alpha-synuclein (αS) aggregates. The neurons are first treated with αS aggregates. They are then fixed, permeabilized, and treated with a blocking solution. Primary antibodies are added, followed by a fluorescently labeled secondary antibodies and a nuclear stain. The sample is then mounted and observed under a microscope.
09:32
Bioluminescence Imaging of Neuroinflammation in Transgenic Mice After Peripheral Inoculation of Alpha-Synuclein Fibrils
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Cited by 1 •
2017
Peripheral injection of alpha-synuclein fibrils into the peritoneum or tongue of Tg(M83+/-:Gfap-luc+/-) mice, which express human alpha-synuclein with the familial A53T mutation and firefly luciferase, can induce neuropathology, including neuroinflammation, in their central nervous system.
02:12
Induction of Neuroinflammation in Mice via Injection of Alpha-Synuclein Fibrils
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2025
This video demonstrates the injection of alpha-synuclein fibrils into a mouse to induce neuroinflammation. The fibrils are injected intraperitoneally into a transgenic mouse expressing mutated alpha-synuclein proteins. Upon reaching the central nervous system, the fibrils enter neurons and induce aggregation of the mutated proteins. The aggregates spread to neighboring neurons, microglia, and astrocytes. Recognition of the aggregates triggers microglia to induce neuroinflammation, damaging the...
09:27
Sequential Extraction of Soluble and Insoluble Alpha-Synuclein from Parkinsonian Brains
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Cited by 46 •
2016
Here, we present a protocol for the isolation of increasingly insoluble/aggregated alpha-synuclein (α-syn) from post-mortem human brain tissue. Through the utilization of buffers with increasing detergent strength and high-speed ultracentrifugation techniques, the variable properties of α-syn aggregation in diseased and non-diseased tissue can be examined.
FAQs
The decline reflects a developmental change in protein production. During fetal life, the fetal liver and yolk sac produce alpha-fetoprotein, but after birth production shifts toward adult proteins. Consequently, AFP levels change as development progresses, making age and developmental stage important when clinicians interpret an individual result.
AFP values are linked to fetal development, so the same measurement may have different significance at different points in pregnancy. Clinicians therefore consider gestational age together with maternal factors, imaging, and other tests. This context helps determine whether a result supports further evaluation rather than treating the number as independently diagnostic.
An abnormal result can reflect variation in fetal development, but it does not identify a specific condition by itself. AFP screening is therefore interpreted with gestational age and maternal factors, then considered alongside imaging and other tests. This combined approach helps clinicians evaluate selected fetal conditions while limiting conclusions based on one biomarker.
During pregnancy, clinicians use AFP as a biomarker to screen for selected fetal conditions. The result is not interpreted in isolation: gestational age, maternal factors, imaging, and other tests provide essential context. In practice, AFP contributes to a broader assessment and may indicate whether additional evaluation is appropriate.
Abnormal AFP levels can occur in more than one clinical setting. They may reflect fetal development, liver injury, or certain tumors, including hepatocellular carcinoma and germ cell tumors. Because these possibilities differ substantially, clinicians use the patient’s medical context, imaging, and other test results to determine the most relevant explanation.
AFP can support the evaluation or monitoring of hepatocellular carcinoma and germ cell tumors, but it is not sufficient to establish a diagnosis alone. Clinicians assess the level together with imaging and other tests, using the combined evidence to place the biomarker result in the appropriate medical context.