JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments
Immunologie
0 weergaven • 2:36 min • July 8th, 2025
To investigate the immune response of Drosophila against pathogenic microbes, take a suspension of viable bacterial pathogens. Dip a sterile needle into the suspension, collecting a small amount.
Place an anesthetized fly under a dissection microscope. With the infected needle, prick the fly at the sternopleural plate of the thorax. The prick introduces bacteria into the hemolymph — circulatory fluid in the body cavity.
Place the infected flies inside a vial containing fly food, and maintain them for an adequate period.
The bacteria utilize the hemolymph as a rich source of nutrients and multiply — resulting in a systemic infection. Hemolymph contains hemocytes, circulating immune effector cells.
The hemolymph is also associated with the fat body, a specialized tissue for energy storage. The pattern recognition receptors on the fat body cells interact with the bacteria. This interaction induces the cells to secrete antimicrobial peptides, mediating bacterial killing.
The circulating hemocytes interact with the bacteria via phagocytic receptors, causing their engulfment into phagosomes and resulting in bacterial degradation.
A subset of the pathogens evades the host's immune response, leading to the death of the flies.
Monitor the fly mortality and perform downstream assays to assess the immune response against the pathogen.
To prepare the infecting pen, melt the end of a 200-microliter micropipette tip and insert a 0.15-millimeter insect minutien pin into the molten plastic. Allow the plastic to solidify so that the pin is held in place with 0.5 centimeters of pin extending from the plastic.
Anesthetize flies with carbon dioxide, and prick the flies in the sternal pleural plate of the thorax with the needle avoiding the attachment sites of the wings and the legs. Remove the flies from the minutien pin using soft forceps. Make sure to dip the pin into the bacterial suspension between pricking each fly.
Place the pricked flies into a fresh file with new fly medium laying the vial on its side until all of the flies have recovered from the anesthesia.
Deze studie onderzoekt de immuunrespons van Drosophila tegen pathogenen door bacteriën in de hemolymfe te introduceren. De interactie tussen de bacteriën en de immuuncellen wordt onderzocht om de mechanismen van bacteriële degradatie en immuunactivatie te begrijpen.
Deze techniek maakt directe beoordeling van aangeboren immuunresponsen mogelijk in een genetisch hanteerbaar model, wat vroege targetvalidatie voor immunomodulerende verbindingen ondersteunt. Door epitheliale barrières te omzeilen, biedt het een gestandaardiseerde methode om mechanismen voor pathogeenklaring en fenotypes van de gastheerdefensie te evalueren. De aanpak ondersteunt mechanistische risicoreductie in discovery-pipelines die gericht zijn op anti-infectieuze of immuunmodulerende therapieën.
De methode past binnen vroege ontdekkingsworkflows waarbij immuunmodulatie en pathogeen-gastheerinteracties worden geëvalueerd voorafgaand aan de lead-optimalisatie.
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Laatst bijgewerkt: 29 augustus 2026