Cold Binding
Cold Binding - Related Videos
10:13
Working with Hot and Cold Sources
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2023
Source: Robert M. Rioux & Suprita Jharimune, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA Working with extreme temperatures, both high and low, is an integral part of many laboratory operations. For many, mentioning a laboratory instantly evokes the mental picture of a Bunsen burner. Bunsen burners and hot plates are used extensively in small and large operations in research laboratories and industries, thus making it necessary for all users to be aware of their safe handling...
08:37
Liver Cold Storage and Transplantation in the Cold-Adaptive Daurian Ground Squirrels
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2025
Here, we present a protocol to establish a long-term liver cold storage and transplantation model in Daurian ground squirrel (DGS), which has been technically challenging in standard rodent models.
02:45
Responses to Heat and Cold Stress
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2020
Every organism has an optimum temperature range within which healthy growth and physiological functioning can occur. At the ends of this range, there will be a minimum and maximum temperature that interrupt biological processes. When the environmental dynamics fall out of the optimal limit for a given species, changes in metabolism and functioning occur – and this is defined as stress. Plants respond to stress by initiating changes in gene expression - leading to adjustments in plant...
02:18
The Equilibrium Binding Constant and Binding Strength
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2020
The equilibrium binding constant (Kb) quantifies the strength of a protein-ligand interaction. Kb can be calculated as follows when the reaction is at equilibrium: where P and L are the unbound protein and ligand, respectively, and PL is the protein-ligand complex. As the amount of bound ligand is also related to the rate of ligand binding, experiments can also determine Kb by examining the rates of protein-ligand association (kon) and dissociation (koff) using the following ratio: Thus,...
09:16
An Alternative to the Traditional Cold Pressor Test: The Cold Pressor Arm Wrap
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Cited by 21 •
2014
The cold pressor test is a classic stress induction task used in a wide range of research examining the relationship between stress and cognition, emotion, and behavior. In this article, a practical and versatile alternative to the traditional cold pressor test is presented: the cold pressor arm wrap.
FAQs
At low temperature, receptor engagement can occur while membrane trafficking and internalization are limited. This creates a temporal separation between the virus or ligand contacting the cell surface and the later entry step. In practical terms, researchers can examine attachment before warming and then assess what changes after temperature is raised, rather than mixing both stages in one measurement.
Raising the temperature acts as the experimental start point for synchronized entry. Because attachment has already occurred across the cell population, warming reduces variation in when individual particles begin downstream events. This timing control helps investigators compare early infection steps, determine whether a treatment affects attachment or entry, and relate subsequent signals to a defined transition.
Cold binding can reveal whether infection depends on a particular cell-surface receptor by comparing how efficiently a virus or ligand attaches under controlled conditions. Differences in binding efficiency can help evaluate receptor usage and viral tropism, meaning preference for particular cells. These measurements are especially informative when paired with tests of antibodies or antiviral compounds.
A basic workflow begins by bringing cells and the virus or other ligand together at a low temperature, commonly 4°C, and allowing surface attachment to occur. Investigators then raise the temperature to initiate coordinated entry and follow the resulting infection or signaling events. Comparing measurements before and after warming separates receptor binding from later cellular responses.
Binding efficiency should be interpreted as an attachment measurement rather than a direct measurement of successful entry. A strong surface-binding result shows that particles or ligands associated with receptors under the assay conditions, but the subsequent warming step is needed to examine entry. This distinction prevents receptor attachment from being mistaken for internalization or downstream infection.
Treatments can be evaluated according to whether they alter attachment, entry, or later signaling within the synchronized assay design. Measuring binding before warming and infection-related events after warming helps localize an effect to an early host-pathogen stage. This makes the technique useful for studying how antibodies or antiviral compounds interfere with viral infection.