Hepatic Metabolism
Hepatic Metabolism - Related Videos
07:54
Assessing Hepatic Metabolic Changes During Progressive Colonization of Germ-free Mouse by 1H NMR Spectroscopy
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Cited by 6 •
2011
A progressive colonization procedure is described to further assess its impact on the host hepatic metabolism. Colonization is monitored non invasively by evaluating the urinary excretion of microbial co-metabolites by NMR-based metabolic profiling while hepatic metabolism is assessed by High Resolution Magic Angle Spinning (HR MAS) NMR profiling of intact biopsy.
08:58
Optimized Analysis of In Vivo and In Vitro Hepatic Steatosis
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Cited by 28 •
2017
Here, optimized methods to generate in vivo and in vitro models of hepatic steatosis and to analyze the steatotic phenotypes and related physiological parameters are described.
01:14
Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Active Drug, Metabolite and Fraction of Metabolized Drug
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2025
In pharmacotherapy, monitoring drug concentrations is paramount, especially for drugs whose therapeutic effects hinge on both the active compound and its metabolite. Hepatic impairment profoundly influences drug potency by altering liver function. If the drug is more potent than its metabolite, impaired liver function amplifies drug activity due to elevated drug concentration levels. Conversely, if the metabolite holds greater potency, diminished liver function diminishes drug activity by...
09:35
Development of a Hepatitis B Virus Reporter System to Monitor the Early Stages of the Replication Cycle
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Cited by 2 •
2017
Here we describe a newly developed hepatitis B virus (HBV) reporter system to monitor the early stages of the HBV life cycle. This simplified in vitro system will aid in the screening of anti-HBV agents using a high-throughput strategy.
11:29
Reusable Hepatic Imaging Tool: A Reusable 3D-Printed Tool for Hepatic Intravital Microscopy
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2026
This protocol introduces a cutting-edge, Reusable Hepatic Imaging Tool (RHIT) for intravital microscopy (IVM) of live mice, which enhances tissue stability for rapid and acute experiments. The RHIT's 3D-printed design offers cost-effective production, scalability, and versatility, enabling prolonged observation of metabolic processes in mice of various sizes.
FAQs
Phase I reactions, including cytochrome P450-mediated oxidation, chemically modify a drug or foreign compound. Phase II reactions then attach polar groups to the modified compound, generally increasing water solubility. This sequence can make compounds easier to eliminate through urine or bile, although the resulting metabolites may differ from the original substance in activity or toxicity.
Cytochrome P450 enzymes carry out oxidation during Phase I processing, making them important determinants of how a drug is chemically transformed in hepatocytes. Their activity can influence the drug’s duration and biological effects by changing the parent compound into metabolites. Because other compounds can inhibit or induce these enzymes, they also contribute to pharmacological drug interactions.
Metabolism does not simply make every drug inactive. Enzymatic transformation can alter a compound’s activity and may produce metabolites that remain active or become toxic. Consequently, the liver’s processing of a medicine can affect both therapeutic response and safety. Understanding these outcomes helps pharmacologists interpret differences in drug duration, effects, and potential adverse consequences.
First-pass metabolism occurs when an orally administered drug is processed by the liver before reaching the broader circulation. This presystemic transformation can reduce the amount of unchanged drug available to produce a therapeutic effect, thereby influencing oral bioavailability. Pharmacology uses this relationship to explain why an oral dose may require different consideration from other dosing routes.
Enzyme inhibitors and inducers can change the rate at which the liver transforms a drug. Inhibition decreases metabolic enzyme activity, whereas induction increases it. These changes may alter drug activity and duration by modifying exposure to the parent compound or its metabolites. Evaluating such effects is therefore important when compounds are used together.
Dose selection accounts for how hepatic processing may influence a medicine’s bioavailability, duration, and metabolite profile. A drug that undergoes substantial first-pass transformation may deliver less unchanged compound after oral administration, while enzyme inhibition or induction can further change its effects. Considering these factors supports more predictable therapeutic outcomes and safer pharmacological use.