Force Method
Force Method - Related Videos
11:31
Determination of Impingement Forces on a Flat Plate with the Control Volume Method
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2023
Source: Ricardo Mejia-Alvarez and Hussam Hikmat Jabbar, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI The purpose of this experiment is to demonstrate forces on bodies as the result of changes in the linear momentum of the flow around them using a control volume formulation [1, 2]. The control volume analysis focuses on the macroscopic effect of flow on engineering systems, rather than the detailed description that could be achieved with a differential...
06:37
Protrusion Force Microscopy: A Method to Quantify Forces Developed by Cell Protrusions
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Cited by 5 •
2018
Here, we detail the experimental techniques used to evaluate the protrusion forces that podosomes apply on a compliant film, from the preparation of the film to the automated analysis of topographical images.
03:13
Intermolecular Forces
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2020
Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion...
08:00
Force and Acceleration
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2023
Source: Nicholas Timmons, Asantha Cooray, PhD, Department of Physics & Astronomy, School of Physical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA The goal of this experiment is to understand the components of force and their relation to motion through the use of Newton's second law by measuring the acceleration of a glider being acted upon by a force. Nearly every aspect of motion in everyday life can be described using Isaac Newton's three laws of motion. They describe how objects in...
02:36
Electromotive Force
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2020
Electricity is generated by either electrons or ions flowing through a solution or a conducting medium. This flow of electrons or specifically electrical charge is defined as an electric current. When electrons move through a wire, they generate an electric current. It can be recalled that in a redox reaction, electrons are lost and gained. In the spontaneous redox reaction of zinc with copper, when zinc is immersed in a copper ion solution, a transfer of electrons from one substance to...
FAQs
Redundant forces are chosen from restraints that make the structure statically indeterminate, such as excess support reactions or internal constraints. Analysts remove the corresponding restraints to form a statically determinate primary structure, then treat the released forces as unknowns. This selection establishes a solvable model while preserving the deformation conditions that the original supports must satisfy.
Flexibility coefficients quantify how a selected force produces deformation at a relevant location or in a relevant direction. Combined with applied-load effects and material stiffness, they form the relationships used to calculate redundant forces. Their values connect force unknowns to displacement compatibility, allowing the analysis to represent how structural members share load.
Equilibrium describes force balance, but it cannot determine all unknowns in a statically indeterminate structure. Compatibility adds the requirement that calculated deformations agree with the original support and connection conditions. Applying both principles determines the redundants and helps predict physically consistent displacements, internal forces, and reactions rather than relying on force balance alone.
An equilibrium-only analysis can solve structures whose unknown forces match the available balance equations, but it cannot fully resolve redundant reactions in an indeterminate system. The Force Method supplements equilibrium with deformation compatibility, flexibility coefficients, and material stiffness. This makes it useful when load distribution depends not only on balance, but also on structural deformation.
First, identify the redundant forces and release their corresponding restraints to create a statically determinate primary structure. Next, use equilibrium to find force effects from the applied loads and the redundants, then relate those effects to deformation through flexibility coefficients and stiffness. Finally, enforce compatibility with the original structure to solve the redundant forces and complete the response.
The method applies to beams, frames, and trusses subjected to applied loads. It can determine internal forces and support reactions while also supporting predictions of displacements and stresses. In physics and engineering analysis, these results help reveal how loads are distributed through a structure and provide information relevant to evaluating structural safety.