Name: water climbing by adhesion
Uploaded: 2019-03-11T09:21:00.000Z
Duration: 1 min 14 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

north-carolina-k-12-science-standard-course-of-study

North Carolina K-12 Science Standard Course of Study

9-12

Earth and Environmental Science

Earth's Systems

ESS.EES.3.1

Adhesion

A adesão ocorre quando duas moléculas diferentes são atraídas umas pelas outras, tal como a água que se fixa à lâmina da grama. Isso ocorre porque a superfície da grama é polar. Quando a superfície é um tubo vertical, causa um puxão para cima nas bordas, um menisco côncavo.Se a força adesiva for mais forte do que a atração coesa entre as moléculas líquidas, a água continuará subindo, um movimento conhecido como ação capilar. Como o tubo estreito, as plantas contêm vasos estreitos chamados xilema, que são compostos de celulose polar. Eles carregam água para cima através da ação capilar contra a força da gravidade.O diâmetro desses vasos diminui em direção ao topo das árvores mais altas, permitindo que a água suba ainda mais, das raízes às folhas.

Kim, Hae Koo, Joonghyuk Park e Ildoo Hwang. "Investigando o transporte de água através da rede de xilemas em plantas vasculares." Journal of Experimental Botany 65, nº 7 (1º de abril de 2014): 1895–1904. [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/eru075" target="__blank">Fonte</a>]

adesão

A adesão ocorre quando um tipo de molécula é atraído para um tipo diferente de molécula. A água exibe propriedades adesivas na presença de superfícies polares—como o vidro ou a celulose nas plantas. Em relação ao vidro, as moléculas de hidrogénio positivamente carregadas na água são mais atraídas pelas moléculas de oxigénio negativamente carregadas na sílica do que pelo oxigénio em moléculas de água vizinhas.
 
 A ação capilar é resultado das tendências adesivas da água. Quando um tubo de vidro estreito é inserido na água, as moléculas de água ligam-se à superfície do tubo, e o nível de água dentro do tubo sobe. Quanto menor o diâmetro do tubo, mais a água sobe, porque mais moléculas de água são expostas à superfície do vidro. A ação capilar continua enquanto a força adesiva for maior do que a ação da gravidade.
 
 As plantas usam a adesão da ação capilar e coesão entre moléculas de água para mover a água das raízes até às folhas. Nas plantas, os vasos de xilema consistem em células longas e estreitas chamadas elementos traqueais, que transportam água. Como as moléculas de água têm uma atração pela celulose, elas agarram-se à parede celular do xilema. Forças coesas entre moléculas de água também atraem moléculas de água umas para as outras. Juntas, essas forças de adesão e coesão criam uma coluna de moléculas de água que gradualmente sobe pelos vasos de xilema.

Adesão

A adesão ocorre quando um tipo de molécula é atraído por uma molécula diferente. A água exibe propriedades adesivas na presença de superfícies polares, como ...

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KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

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water climbing by adhesion

Water can climb or stick to surfaces because of adhesion, which is the attraction between different kinds of molecules. In water, this is easy to see on polar surfaces such as glass or cellulose in plants. The positive hydrogen side of water is more attracted to the negative oxygen in silica than to nearby water molecules.

This attraction helps explain capillary action. If a narrow glass tube is placed in a beaker of water, water molecules attach to the tube’s surface and the water level rises. The smaller the tube diameter, the higher the water rises because more water molecules contact the glass surface. Capillary action continues while the adhesive force stays stronger than the cohesive forces between water molecules.

Adhesion also helps move water through plants during transpiration. Plants have xylem vessels made of long, narrow tracheary elements that transport water. Water molecules cling to the cellulose in the xylem cell wall and resist gravity. Cohesion, the attraction between water molecules, helps keep the water molecules together inside the tracheary cells. Adhesion and cohesion work together to form a column of water that can move upward from the roots to the leaves.

Water Climbing by Adhesion

the periodic table and organismal elements

the-periodic-table-and-organismal-elements

Periodic Table Basics for Living Things

The periodic table helps explain which elements living things need and how those elements are related. Elements are the smallest units of matter that cannot be broken down further by chemical processes. There are 118 known elements, but not all occur naturally, and even fewer are essential for life. Living matter is made mostly of carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, and oxygen. Together, these elements make up most of the human body and are also found in all life on Earth. Smaller amounts of calcium,...

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Atoms and Their Subatomic Particles

Atoms are the smallest units of elements, and they make up all matter. Each atom contains three subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons. These particles give an atom its mass and its charge. The idea that matter is made of tiny particles goes back to Democritus, a Greek philosopher around 450 B.C. He used the word atomos, which means “indivisible.” The idea was not accepted at the time, but it returned many centuries later. In the 19th century, John Dalton proposed an atomic...

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ionic bonds

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cohesion

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Water molecules stick to each other through cohesion. Water is neutral overall, but it is a polar molecule. The oxygen atom in one water molecule has a partial negative charge, and it can bind with a hydrogen atom that has a partial positive charge in another water molecule. This forms a hydrogen bond. Each water molecule can form up to four hydrogen bonds with other water molecules, and these bonds give water its cohesive nature. Cohesion helps water form droplets on a surface. Water does not...

adhesion

Water can climb or stick to surfaces because of adhesion, which is the attraction between different kinds of molecules. In water, this is easy to see on polar surfaces such as glass or cellulose in plants. The positive hydrogen side of water is more attracted to the negative oxygen in silica than to nearby water molecules. This attraction helps explain capillary action. If a narrow glass tube is placed in a beaker of water, water molecules attach to the tube’s surface and the water level rises.

states of water

Water Phase Changes and Ice Density

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vaporization

Vaporization, Boiling, and Evaporation

Vaporization changes a liquid into vapor when temperature adds enough kinetic energy to overcome intermolecular forces. It is a surface phenomenon, which means it starts at the liquid’s surface. The energy needed to vaporize a set amount of liquid at a given pressure and constant temperature is called the heat of vaporization. Water shows this process clearly. When liquid water is vaporized, it becomes steam. One way this happens is boiling, which occurs when vapor bubbles form beneath the...

solvents

Water as a Biological Solvent

Water acts as a biological solvent in many living systems. A solvent is a substance, usually a liquid, that dissolves another substance called a solute. When a solvent and a solute mix, they form a solution, which is a uniform mixture of both parts. Water is called a universal biological solvent because its polar structure helps it dissolve many other polar compounds. Polarity means that one side of the molecule has a slight positive charge and the other side has a slight negative charge.

carbon skeletons

Carbon Backbones in Biomolecules

Carbon backbones give biological molecules their structure and flexibility. Living things are built from macromolecules that contain carbon atoms, and organic compounds are defined by a carbon backbone. Carbon is tetravalent, so each carbon atom can bond with four other atoms. Its valence electrons are stable, so carbon rarely becomes an ion. As carbon chains get longer, they can form ring structures, double bonds, and branching side chains. Carbon-carbon bonds create the carbon skeleton.

key terms and concepts

Learn how adhesion helps water stick to glass and plant xylem, driving capillary action and helping water rise from roots to leaves.

Water Climbing by Adhesion | JoVE K12

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A coleção JoVE Core dá vida à biologia através de mais de 300 vídeos de animação concisos e fáceis de entender que explicam conceitos-chave de biologia, além de mais de 150 vídeos de Cientistas em ação que mostram experimentos reais em pesquisa realizados nos laboratórios atualmente.

Pennsylvania State Academic Standards

Earth and Space Science

3.3.9-12.K

Alabama Course of Study Science

from-molecules-to-organisms-structures-and-processes

From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes

9-12.B.1.4.b

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High School

Life Science

SC.912.L.18

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Water Climbing by Adhesion

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