Name: vaporization, boiling, and evaporation
Uploaded: 2019-03-11T09:21:01.000Z
Duration: 1 min 18 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

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North Carolina K-12 Science Standard Course of Study

9-12

Earth and Environmental Science

Earth's Systems

ESS.EES.3.1

Vaporization

A vaporização é a transição de um líquido para um gás ou vapor. Por exemplo, quando energia de calor é adicionada à água, ela chega ao ponto de ebulição e se torna vapor. A quantidade de energia necessária para vaporizar uma dada massa de líquido a uma temperatura constante é chamada de calor de vaporização.Além disso, a vaporização também pode ocorrer apenas na superfície de um líquido em um processo chamado evaporação. Desta vez, a energia cinética é adicionada pelo sol e vento. Se a energia exceder as forças intermoleculares, moléculas podem se libertar e se tornar vapor, um importante meio de resfriamento em animais através do suor.Porque o suor é principalmente água, essas moléculas evaporam. Quando elas escapam, a energia térmica armazenada nas moléculas segue junto, diminuindo a temperatura coletiva das gotas restantes e resulta em uma temperatura corporal mais fria. A evaporação também é uma força importante na transpiração das plantas.Com a ajuda de coesão e adesão, a evaporação de água na superfície das folhas ajuda a atrair as moléculas vizinhas, trazendo água das raízes para as folhas.

vaporização

A vaporização transforma uma substância líquida em uma substância gasosa ou vaporosa. Para isso, a energia cinética deve ser maior do que as forças intermoleculares que mantêm as moléculas ligadas. A quantidade de energia necessária para vaporizar uma quantidade de líquido a uma determinada pressão e temperatura constante é chamada de calor da vaporização. Quando a água líquida é vaporizada, ela transforma-se em vapor.
 
 <h4>Métodos</h4>
 
 Adicionar calor a um líquido até chegar ao seu ponto de ebulição é um método de vaporização. A ebulição é um tipo de vaporização que ocorre quando bolhas de vapor se formam sob a superfície do líquido. O ponto de ebulição varia de acordo com a pressão atmosférica. Com uma maior pressão atmosférica, mais energia é necessária para chegar ao ponto de ebulição. Ao nível do mar, a água ferve a 100 oC (212 oF)—esta temperatura do nível do mar é chamada de ponto de ebulição normal ou atmosférico. Em elevações mais altas, a água requer menos energia para ferver. No Monte Evereste, a água ferve a cerca de 71 oC (160 oF). No espaço, que não tem atmosfera, mas também é extremamente frio, a água primeiro ferve e depois congela—uma consequência do alto calor energético da água.
 
 A evaporação, outro tipo de vaporização, ocorre abaixo do ponto de ebulição. Nesse processo, moléculas de água com energia cinética suficiente para superar forças intermoleculares escapam da superfície da água como vapor. As moléculas de água restantes têm menor energia cinética. Se isso acontecer em grande escala, a energia cinética global da massa líquida diminui, arrefecendo o líquido. Transpirar aproveita o fenómeno da evaporação para diminuir a temperatura corporal. Quando o suor evapora do corpo, o que resta é mais frio e ajuda a absorver o calor do corpo.
 
 As propriedades de evaporação da água também são usadas pelas plantas para ajudar a mover a água através da planta. À medida que moléculas de água são libertadas dos poros nas folhas e evaporam, elas atraem moléculas de água abaixo delas para cima através da adesão molecular. Em escala ambiental, a evaporação da água é o motor que impulsiona o ciclo da água e grande parte do tempo e clima da Terra. Cerca de 71% da superfície da Terra é água, por isso é importante entender os mecanismos e o poder da evaporação da água.

Vaporização

A forma física de uma substância muda mudando sua temperatura. Por exemplo, aumentar a temperatura de um líquido faz com que o líquido vaporize ...

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JoVE Core

Biology

Biologia

Fundamentals

Fundamentos

Chemistry of Life

Química da Vida

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

TERMOS-CHAVE E CONCEITOS

vaporization, boiling, and evaporation

Vaporization changes a liquid into vapor when temperature adds enough kinetic energy to overcome intermolecular forces. It is a surface phenomenon, which means it starts at the liquid’s surface. The energy needed to vaporize a set amount of liquid at a given pressure and constant temperature is called the heat of vaporization.

Water shows this process clearly. When liquid water is vaporized, it becomes steam. One way this happens is boiling, which occurs when vapor bubbles form beneath the surface of the liquid. The boiling point changes with atmospheric pressure. With more pressure, more energy is needed to reach the boiling point.

At sea level, water boils at the normal, or atmospheric, boiling point of 100 °C, or 212 °F. At higher elevations, water needs less energy to boil. For example, water boils at about 71 °C, or 160 °F, on Mount Everest. Evaporation is another form of vaporization, but it happens below the boiling point.

During evaporation, water molecules with enough kinetic energy escape from the surface as vapor. The molecules left behind have lower kinetic energy. If evaporation happens on a large scale, the liquid loses overall kinetic energy and cools. Sweat uses this effect to lower body temperature. As perspiration evaporates, the cooler sweat helps absorb heat from the body. Plants also use water’s evaporative properties to move water upward through the plant. On a larger scale, evaporation drives the water cycle and helps shape Earth’s weather and climate.

Vaporization, Boiling, and Evaporation

the periodic table and organismal elements

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hydrogen bonds

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cohesion

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adhesion

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specific heat

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vaporization

Vaporization changes a liquid into vapor when temperature adds enough kinetic energy to overcome intermolecular forces. It is a surface phenomenon, which means it starts at the liquid’s surface. The energy needed to vaporize a set amount of liquid at a given pressure and constant temperature is called the heat of vaporization. Water shows this process clearly. When liquid water is vaporized, it becomes steam. One way this happens is boiling, which occurs when vapor bubbles form beneath the...

solvents

Water as a Biological Solvent

Water acts as a biological solvent in many living systems. A solvent is a substance, usually a liquid, that dissolves another substance called a solute. When a solvent and a solute mix, they form a solution, which is a uniform mixture of both parts. Water is called a universal biological solvent because its polar structure helps it dissolve many other polar compounds. Polarity means that one side of the molecule has a slight positive charge and the other side has a slight negative charge.

carbon skeletons

Carbon Backbones in Biomolecules

Carbon backbones give biological molecules their structure and flexibility. Living things are built from macromolecules that contain carbon atoms, and organic compounds are defined by a carbon backbone. Carbon is tetravalent, so each carbon atom can bond with four other atoms. Its valence electrons are stable, so carbon rarely becomes an ion. As carbon chains get longer, they can form ring structures, double bonds, and branching side chains. Carbon-carbon bonds create the carbon skeleton.

key terms and concepts

Explore how heat changes liquids into vapor, including boiling, evaporation, boiling point changes with pressure, cooling from sweat, and the water cycle.

Vaporization, Boiling, and Evaporation | JoVE K12

JoVE Core series brings biology to life through over 300 concise and easy-to-understand animated video lessons that explain key concepts in biology, plus more than 150 scientist-in-action videos that show actual research experiments conducted in today’s laboratories.

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A coleção JoVE Core dá vida à biologia através de mais de 300 vídeos de animação concisos e fáceis de entender que explicam conceitos-chave de biologia, além de mais de 150 vídeos de Cientistas em ação que mostram experimentos reais em pesquisa realizados nos laboratórios atualmente.

Alabama Course of Study Science

from-molecules-to-organisms-structures-and-processes

From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes

9-12.B.1.4.b

Florida Department of Education

High School

Life Science

SC.912.L.18

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Vaporization, Boiling, and Evaporation

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