Name: human survival needs in the body
Uploaded: 2023-06-23T15:38:43.000Z
Duration: 1 min 26 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

north-carolina-k-12-science-standard-course-of-study

NC K-12 Science Standard Course of Study

9-12

Biology

from-molecules-to-organisms-structures-and-processes

From Molecules to Organisms- Structures and Processes

LS.Bio.3.1

Requirements for Human Life

O corpo humano precisa de vários fatores, como comida, oxigênio e água, bem como uma gama segura de condições físicas, incluindo temperatura corporal e pressão atmosférica para sobreviver.
Os alimentos são digeridos em nutrientes como carboidratos, proteínas, gorduras, vitaminas e minerais. Esses nutrientes fornecem energia e são essenciais para o crescimento e desenvolvimento humano. 
O oxigênio ajuda a produzir a energia necessária para diferentes funções fisiológicas, por meio de reações oxidativas. Sem oxigênio, o corpo pode sobreviver por apenas alguns minutos.
A água faz parte de várias reações bioquímicas dentro do corpo e fornece um meio para vários processos, como secreções corporais. Deve ser restaurado regularmente para compensar a água perdida pela transpiração ou micção.
Uma temperatura corporal de aproximadamente 36 a 37 ° C é necessária para as enzimas que impulsionam as reações bioquímicas. Temperaturas mais altas ou mais baixas do que essa faixa interrompem essas reações.
A pressão atmosférica exercida sobre o corpo mantém os gases dentro dele dissolvidos. Em condições como grandes altitudes, a pressão atmosférica cai, afetando a respiração e as trocas gasosas nos pulmões.

requisitos para a vida humana

A Terra e sua atmosfera fornece aos humanos ar, água e comida, mas esses não são os únicos requisitos necessários para a sobrevivência. Os humanos também necessitam de uma faixa específica de temperatura e pressão, que é fornecida pela Terra e sua atmosfera.

Oxigênio

O ar atmosférico contém apenas cerca de 20% de oxigênio, mas esse oxigênio é um componente fundamental das reações químicas que mantêm o corpo vivo, incluindo as reações que produzem ATP. As células cerebrais são suscetíveis à falta de oxigênio, pois requerem uma produção constante e elevada de ATP. Danos cerebrais podem ocorrer dentro de cinco minutos sem oxigênio e a morte é provável em menos de dez minutos.

Nutrientes

Um nutriente é uma substância existente em alimentos e bebidas, e que é essencial para a sobrevivência humana. As três classes básicas de nutrientes são água, nutrientes energéticos e construtores de tecidos, e micronutrientes - vitaminas e minerais.

O nutriente mais importante é a água. As substâncias químicas funcionais do corpo são dissolvidas e transportadas na água, e as reações químicas da vida também ocorrem na água. Além disso, a água é o componente mais significativo das células, sangue e fluidos entre as células, representando cerca de 70% da massa corporal de um adulto.

Os nutrientes energéticos são, principalmente, carboidratos e lipídios, enquanto as proteínas fornecem os aminoácidos que atuam como blocos de construção do corpo. Os humanos ingerem esses nutrientes em alimentos e bebidas de origem vegetal e animal, e o sistema digestivo os quebra em moléculas pequenas o suficiente para serem absorvidas. Os produtos da decomposição de carboidratos e lipídios podem então ser usados nos processos metabólicos, que os convertem em ATP. Água e nutrientes energéticos também são chamados de macronutrientes porque o corpo precisa deles em grandes quantidades.

Os micronutrientes participam de muitas reações químicas e processos essenciais, como os impulsos nervosos, e alguns deles, como o cálcio, também contribuem para a estrutura corporal. O corpo pode armazenar alguns dos micronutrientes em seus tecidos e utilizar essas reservas se esses micronutrientes forem insuficientes na dieta por alguns dias ou semanas. Outros micronutrientes, como a vitamina C e a maioria das vitaminas B, são solúveis em água e não podem ser armazenados; por conta disso, precisam ser consumidos regularmente em quantidades equilibradas.

Faixa estreita de temperatura

As reações químicas das quais o corpo depende só podem ocorrer dentro de uma faixa estreita de temperatura corporal, que fica nas proximidades de 37°C (98,6°F). Quando a temperatura corporal se distancia muito do normal, certas proteínas (enzimas) que facilitam as reações químicas perdem sua estrutura normal e sua capacidade de funcionar, e as reações químicas do metabolismo não podem mais ser realizadas.

No entanto, o corpo pode responder de forma eficaz a exposições de curto prazo ao calor ou ao frio. Uma das respostas do corpo ao calor é a transpiração. À medida que o suor evapora da pele, ele remove parte da energia térmica do corpo, resfriando-o.

O corpo também pode responder de forma eficaz a exposições de curto prazo ao frio. Uma das respostas ao frio é o tremor, que é um movimento muscular aleatório que gera calor.

Faixa estreita de pressão atmosférica

A pressão atmosférica faz mais do que apenas manter os gases presentes no sangue dissolvidos. A capacidade de respirar também depende de uma pressão atmosférica específica. A doença da altitude ocorre porque a atmosfera em altitudes elevadas exerce menos pressão, reduzindo a troca desses gases e causando falta de ar, confusão, cefaleia, letargia e náuseas.

Este texto foi adaptado de <a href="https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/1-4-requirements-for-human-life">Openstax, Anatomy and Physiology 2e, Section 1.4: Requirements for Human Life</a>

Requisitos para a Vida Humana

A Terra e sua atmosfera forneceram ar, água e comida aos humanos, mas esses não são os únicos requisitos para a sobrevivência. Os humanos também precisam de um ...

Education

JoVE Core

Anatomy and Physiology

Anatomia e Fisiologia

Unit 1

Unidade 1

Introduction to the Human Body

Introdução ao Corpo Humano

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

TERMOS-CHAVE E CONCEITOS

human survival needs in the body

Human survival depends on air, water, food, a narrow temperature range, and a narrow range of atmospheric pressure. The Earth and its atmosphere provide these conditions, but the body can only function well when they stay within limits.

Oxygen is one of the most important needs. Atmospheric air is only about 20 percent oxygen, but that oxygen supports the chemical reactions that keep the body alive, including the reactions that make ATP. Brain cells are especially sensitive to a lack of oxygen because they need steady ATP production. Brain damage is likely within five minutes without oxygen, and death is likely within ten minutes.

Nutrients are substances in foods and beverages that are essential for survival. The three basic classes are water, energy-yielding and body-building nutrients, and micronutrients, which include vitamins and minerals. Water is the most critical nutrient. It dissolves and carries the body’s functional chemicals, and many life processes take place in water. Water is also the main component of cells, blood, and the fluid between cells, and it makes up about 70 percent of an adult’s body mass.

Energy-yielding nutrients are mainly carbohydrates and lipids. Proteins provide amino acids, which are the body’s building blocks. Humans get these nutrients from plant and animal foods and from beverages, and the digestive system breaks them into molecules small enough to absorb. The breakdown products of carbohydrates and lipids can then enter metabolic processes that produce ATP. Water and energy-yielding nutrients are called macronutrients because the body needs them in large amounts.

Micronutrients help many essential chemical reactions and processes, including nerve impulses. Some, such as calcium, also support body structure. The body can store some micronutrients in tissues and use those reserves if they are missing from the diet for a few days or weeks. Other micronutrients, including vitamin C and most B vitamins, are water-soluble and cannot be stored well, so they must be eaten regularly in balanced amounts.

Body temperature must also stay in a narrow range. The chemical reactions the body depends on can occur only from just below to just above 37 degrees Celsius, or 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit. If body temperature rises too high or falls too low, enzymes lose their normal shape and cannot do their jobs, so metabolism cannot continue properly. The body can still respond to short-term heat or cold. Sweating cools the body as sweat evaporates, and shivering creates heat through random muscle movement.

Atmospheric pressure is another requirement for life. It helps keep blood gases dissolved, and it also supports breathing. At high altitude, the atmosphere exerts less pressure, which reduces gas exchange. This can cause altitude sickness, with symptoms such as shortness of breath, confusion, headache, lethargy, and nausea.

Human Survival Needs in the Body

overview of anatomy and physiology

How Anatomy and Physiology Work Together

Human anatomy studies the structures of the body. Some body structures are so small that they can only be seen and examined with a microscope. Others are large enough to be viewed, handled, measured, and weighed. The word anatomy comes from a Greek root meaning “to cut apart.” Early study of the human body began with observing the outside of the body and the injuries seen in soldiers and other patients. Later, physicians were allowed to dissect dead bodies to learn more. Dissection means...

structural organization of the human body: an overview

structural-organization-of-the-human-body-an-overview

Levels of Organization in the Human Body

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functions of life

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Human life depends on metabolism, movement, development, growth, and reproduction. These functions help the body stay alive, maintain itself, and continue the species. Together, they show how the body uses energy and changes over time. Metabolism is the body’s use of energy and food molecules. It helps the body make fuel for movement, support body functions, and build and maintain body structures. Metabolism includes two kinds of reactions: anabolism and catabolism. Anabolism is the process...

requirements for human life

Human survival depends on air, water, food, a narrow temperature range, and a narrow range of atmospheric pressure. The Earth and its atmosphere provide these conditions, but the body can only function well when they stay within limits. Oxygen is one of the most important needs. Atmospheric air is only about 20 percent oxygen, but that oxygen supports the chemical reactions that keep the body alive, including the reactions that make ATP. Brain cells are especially sensitive to a lack of oxygen...

what is homeostasis?

Homeostasis and Negative Feedback

Homeostasis keeps the body’s internal conditions stable. The body does this by holding each physiological condition near a set point. A set point is the value around which the normal range changes, and the normal range is the small group of values that is healthiest and most stable. Human body temperature is a common example. Its set point is about 37°C, or 98.6°F, and it can shift a little above or below that point while still staying in range. Negative feedback helps maintain homeostasis.

negative and positive feedback

Feedback Loops in Body Balance

Negative and positive feedback help keep body conditions stable. These feedback loops control many body processes and support homeostasis, which is the maintenance of a steady internal environment. Negative feedback reduces a change and brings a system back toward its normal state. Positive feedback increases a change and pushes a process further in the same direction. Together, they show how the body can fine-tune responses when conditions shift. These control systems are important in many...

homeostatic imbalance

How Feedback Failure Disrupts Homeostasis

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anatomical terminology

Anatomical Terms and Body Position

Anatomical terms help describe the human body clearly in biology and medicine. Health care professionals and anatomists use this standard language to avoid confusion and to make descriptions more precise. Most anatomical words come from Greek and Latin roots, and these roots usually stay the same because the languages are rarely used in everyday conversation. Many anatomical words are built from a root plus a prefix or suffix. The root often names an organ, tissue, or condition. The prefix or...

anatomical positions

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regional terms

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directional terms

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body planes

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Anatomy sections and body planes are imaginary flat surfaces used to divide the body for study. They help show the orientation, relationships, and spatial layout of anatomical structures. These reference planes are also useful for describing organs and body parts in a standard way. The sagittal plane divides the body or an organ vertically into right and left sides. When that cut goes through the middle and makes equal halves, it is called the midsagittal or median plane. When it makes unequal...

anatomical movements

Body Joint Motion Terms

Body joint motion terms describe how bones and muscles move at different joints. These standard names make it easier to talk about range of motion in the body. They are used to describe actions at the shoulder, hip, elbow, knee, wrist, fingers, toes, and spine. Flexion and extension are movements in the sagittal plane, also called the anterior-posterior plane. Flexion is the forward bending motion of the head or vertebral column. Extension is the backward movement or straightening of a joint,...

abdominal regions and quadrants

Abdominal Pain and Organ Location

The abdominal cavity is divided into quadrants and regions to help locate organs and describe pain clearly. Clinicians and anatomists use imaginary lines to mark the abdominopelvic cavity. This system makes it easier to communicate about a patient’s symptoms or a suspicious mass. The simpler method divides the area into four quadrants. One horizontal line and one vertical line cross at the umbilicus, or navel. These quadrants are the right upper quadrant, right lower quadrant, left upper...

key terms and concepts

Learn how oxygen, nutrients, body temperature, and atmospheric pressure support human survival, ATP production, and normal body function in high school biology.

Human Survival Needs in the Body | JoVE K12

anatomy and physiology

O JoVE Core Anatomia e Fisiologia apresenta detalhes anatômicos e fisiológicos do corpo humano em animações  abrangentes, claras e envolventes. Esta coleção de vídeos se concentra nas estruturas, componentes, funções e requisitos do corpo humano. É complementada por vídeos de cientistas em ação que demonstram a aplicação desse conhecimento em instalações médicas e de pesquisa do mundo real.

Pennsylvania State Academic Standards

Life Science

Structure and Function

3.1.9-12.C

Louisiana Student Standards for Science

High School

Life Sciences

From Molecules To Organisms: Structures And Processes

HS-LS1-3

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Ohio’s Learning Standards and Model Curriculum

Cells

Cell structure and function

Cellular processes

Virginia  Standards of Learning

HIgh School

BIO.2

BIO.2.a

BIO.2.c

LS.2

LS.2.b

Minnesota Academic Standards in Science

1.2.1 9L.1.2.1.1

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New Jersey Student Learning Standards for Science

From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes

Arizona Science Standards

HS.L1

HS.L1U1.20

HS+B.L1

HS+B.L1U1.7

new-york-state-science-learning-standards

New York State Science Learning Standards

HS-LS1-2.

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Construct an explanation to illustrate relationships between structure and function of major macromolecules essential for life.

LS.Bio.1.1

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introduction-to-mechanisms-of-enzyme-catalysis

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Ligand Binding and Linkage

Cooperative Allosteric Transitions

Ribozymes

Carry out investigations to illustrate how enzymes act as catalysts for biochemical reactions and how environmental factors affect enzyme activity.

LS.Bio.1.2

What are Cells?

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Prokaryotic Cells

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Cytoplasm

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Endoplasmic Reticulum

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Golgi Apparatus

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Lysosomes

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Use models to explain how the structure of organelles determines its function and supports overall cell processes.

LS.Bio.1.3

Analyze how the relationship between structure and function supports life processes within organisms.

Human Survival Needs in the Body

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