Name: anatomical direction and body position
Uploaded: 2025-05-22T09:05:53.000Z
Duration: 1 min 14 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

ohios-learning-standards-and-model-curriculum

Ohio’s Learning Standards and Model Curriculum

9-12

Human Anatomy and Physiology

Levels Of Organization

Anatomical Terminology

Directional Terms

Os termos direcionais mapeiam a localização relativa das partes do corpo usando a posição anatômica padrão como referência.
Nesta postura ereta, a frente do corpo é o lado anterior ou ventral, e as costas são o lado posterior ou dorsal. Por exemplo, o coração é anterior à coluna vertebral e posterior ao esterno.
Os termos superior e inferior referem-se à posição das partes do corpo em relação à cabeça e aos pés. O peito é superior aos joelhos, mas inferior à cabeça.
Medial e lateral indicam a localização em direção ou longe da linha média do corpo. O tórax é medial aos braços e as orelhas são laterais à cabeça.
Proximal e distal denotam as partes do corpo mais próximas ou mais distantes do tronco. Por exemplo, o cotovelo é proximal ao pulso e o tornozelo é distal ao joelho.
Da mesma forma, o termo superficial significa mais perto da superfície, enquanto profundo significa longe da superfície. A pele é superficial aos ossos, enquanto o coração é profundo.

termos direcionais

Termos direcionais são essenciais para descrever as localizações relativas de diferentes estruturas corporais. Por exemplo, um anatomista pode descrever uma faixa de tecido como "inferior a" outra, ou um médico pode descrever um tumor como "superficial a" uma estrutura corporal mais profunda. Esses termos frequentemente utilizam termos comparativos em pares para determinar as localizações relativas de uma parte do corpo em relação à outra ou para a descrição de tecidos corporais, como os mais profundos em relação aos mais superficiais, com base na posição anatômica padrão ereta do corpo.

Termos como "anterior" ou "ventral" descrevem a parte da frente ou a direção voltada para a parte da frente do corpo. Os dedos dos pés estão na parte anterior do pé. Em contraste, "posterior" ou "dorsal" descrevem as costas ou a direção voltada para a parte de trás do corpo. Por exemplo, o músculo poplíteo está na parte posterior da patela. O par de termos contrastantes "superior" e "inferior" referem-se a uma posição em relação à cabeça e aos pés, respectivamente. Superior refere-se a uma posição acima, ou mais alta, do que outra parte do corpo. As órbitas estão acima do Orbicularis oris. Em contraste, inferior descreve uma posição abaixo, ou mais baixa, do que outra parte do corpo, estando próxima ou em direção à cauda (nos seres humanos, o cóccix, ou a parte mais baixa da coluna vertebral). A pelve está abaixo do abdômen.

De forma semelhante, os termos medial e lateral indicam uma localização que vai em direção a ou está se afastando da linha média do corpo. Lateral descreve o lado ou a direção que vai para o lado do corpo. O polegar (pollex) está lateral em relação aos dedos. Medial descreve o que está no meio, ou a direção que vai para o meio do corpo. O hálux é o dedo medial.

O termo "intermediário" é frequentemente utilizado de forma independente, localizando uma estrutura presente entre duas outras estruturas. Por exemplo, o cólon transverso está entre o cólon ascendente e o descendente. Além disso, a localização da clavícula é intermediária entre o ombro e o esterno.

Outro conjunto de termos relativos inclui proximal vs. distal, onde o primeiro descreve a posição do membro mais próxima ao tronco do corpo, e o segundo aponta para a posição mais distante do tronco, como o braço sendo proximal ao antebraço, e a perna sendo distal ao fêmur.

Da mesma forma, o termo "superficial" descreve uma posição mais próxima à superfície do corpo. A pele está em uma posição superficial em relação aos ossos. "Profundo" descreve uma posição mais distante da superfície do corpo. O cérebro está em uma posição profunda em relação ao crânio.

Além disso, alguns termos raramente utilizados, como ipsilateral e contralateral, fornecem descrições da estrutura em relação a outra estrutura corporal localizada no mesmo lado, ou no lado oposto do corpo. Por exemplo, a posição do cólon ascendente e da vesícula biliar é ipsilateral; por outro lado, o cólon ascendente e descendente são contralaterais.

Este texto foi parcialmente adaptado de <a href="https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/">Openstax, Anatomy and Physiology 2e, Section 1.6: </a>Anatomical Terminology

Termos direcionais

Os termos direcionais são essenciais para descrever as localizações relativas de diferentes estruturas corporais. Por exemplo, um anatomista pode descrever uma banda de ...

Education

JoVE Core

Anatomy and Physiology

Anatomia e Fisiologia

Unit 1

Unidade 1

Introduction to the Human Body

Introdução ao Corpo Humano

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

TERMOS-CHAVE E CONCEITOS

anatomical direction and body position

Anatomical direction and body position terms help describe where one body structure is located in relation to another. These terms use comparisons, such as one tissue being inferior to another or a tumor being superficial to a deeper structure. They are based on the standard anatomical reference position, which uses the body in an upright pose.

Anterior and posterior are a common pair of directional terms. Anterior, also called ventral, means toward the front of the body. Posterior, also called dorsal, means toward the back of the body. For example, the toes are anterior to the foot, and the popliteus is posterior to the patella.

Another pair is superior and inferior. Superior means above or higher than another body part. Inferior means below or lower than another body part, toward the feet or tail region. The orbits are superior to the orbicularis oris, and the pelvis is inferior to the abdomen.

Medial and lateral describe location relative to the body’s midline. Lateral means toward the side of the body, while medial means toward the middle. The thumb, or pollex, is lateral to the digits. The hallux is the medial toe. The term intermediate is also used for a structure that lies between two others, such as the transverse colon between the ascending and descending colon. The collarbone is intermediate between the shoulder and the breastbone.

Proximal and distal are used mainly for limbs. Proximal means nearer to the body’s trunk, and distal means farther from the trunk. The brachium is proximal to the antebrachium, and the crus is distal to the femur. Superficial means closer to the surface of the body, so the skin is superficial to the bones. Deep means farther from the surface, and the brain is deep in the skull. Some terms are used less often, such as ipsilateral, which means on the same side, and contralateral, which means on opposite sides. The ascending colon and the gall bladder are ipsilateral, while the ascending and descending colon are contralateral.

Anatomical Direction and Body Position

overview of anatomy and physiology

How Anatomy and Physiology Work Together

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structural organization of the human body: an overview

structural-organization-of-the-human-body-an-overview

Levels of Organization in the Human Body

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functions of life

How the Human Body Keeps Going

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Human Survival Needs in the Body

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what is homeostasis?

Homeostasis and Negative Feedback

Homeostasis keeps the body’s internal conditions stable. The body does this by holding each physiological condition near a set point. A set point is the value around which the normal range changes, and the normal range is the small group of values that is healthiest and most stable. Human body temperature is a common example. Its set point is about 37°C, or 98.6°F, and it can shift a little above or below that point while still staying in range. Negative feedback helps maintain homeostasis.

negative and positive feedback

Feedback Loops in Body Balance

Negative and positive feedback help keep body conditions stable. These feedback loops control many body processes and support homeostasis, which is the maintenance of a steady internal environment. Negative feedback reduces a change and brings a system back toward its normal state. Positive feedback increases a change and pushes a process further in the same direction. Together, they show how the body can fine-tune responses when conditions shift. These control systems are important in many...

homeostatic imbalance

How Feedback Failure Disrupts Homeostasis

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anatomical terminology

Anatomical Terms and Body Position

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anatomical positions

Body Positions Used in Anatomy

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regional terms

Anatomy Regions and Body Landmark Terms

Anatomy regions and body landmark terms help identify specific parts of the human body. These regional terms divide the body into areas with structures that support similar functions. They also make it easier to describe the exact area affected by an injury or disease. The human body is organized into two major regions: the axial region and the appendicular region. The axial region includes the body from the head to the abdomen and forms the central body axis. The appendicular region includes...

directional terms

Anatomical direction and body position terms help describe where one body structure is located in relation to another. These terms use comparisons, such as one tissue being inferior to another or a tumor being superficial to a deeper structure. They are based on the standard anatomical reference position, which uses the body in an upright pose. Anterior and posterior are a common pair of directional terms. Anterior, also called ventral, means toward the front of the body. Posterior, also...

body planes

Anatomy Sections and Body Planes

Anatomy sections and body planes are imaginary flat surfaces used to divide the body for study. They help show the orientation, relationships, and spatial layout of anatomical structures. These reference planes are also useful for describing organs and body parts in a standard way. The sagittal plane divides the body or an organ vertically into right and left sides. When that cut goes through the middle and makes equal halves, it is called the midsagittal or median plane. When it makes unequal...

anatomical movements

Body Joint Motion Terms

Body joint motion terms describe how bones and muscles move at different joints. These standard names make it easier to talk about range of motion in the body. They are used to describe actions at the shoulder, hip, elbow, knee, wrist, fingers, toes, and spine. Flexion and extension are movements in the sagittal plane, also called the anterior-posterior plane. Flexion is the forward bending motion of the head or vertebral column. Extension is the backward movement or straightening of a joint,...

abdominal regions and quadrants

Abdominal Pain and Organ Location

The abdominal cavity is divided into quadrants and regions to help locate organs and describe pain clearly. Clinicians and anatomists use imaginary lines to mark the abdominopelvic cavity. This system makes it easier to communicate about a patient’s symptoms or a suspicious mass. The simpler method divides the area into four quadrants. One horizontal line and one vertical line cross at the umbilicus, or navel. These quadrants are the right upper quadrant, right lower quadrant, left upper...

key terms and concepts

Learn anatomical direction terms for describing body structures, including anterior, posterior, superior, inferior, medial, lateral, proximal, distal, superficial, and deep.

Anatomical Direction and Body Position | JoVE K12

anatomy and physiology

O JoVE Core Anatomia e Fisiologia apresenta detalhes anatômicos e fisiológicos do corpo humano em animações  abrangentes, claras e envolventes. Esta coleção de vídeos se concentra nas estruturas, componentes, funções e requisitos do corpo humano. É complementada por vídeos de cientistas em ação que demonstram a aplicação desse conhecimento em instalações médicas e de pesquisa do mundo real.

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Functions of Life

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Characteristics of Life

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https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/10647.jpg

Levels of Organization

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Hierarchy of Organization

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Hierarchy of Organization

Tissues

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The Scientific Method

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Inductive Reasoning

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Deductive Reasoning

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Correlation and Causation

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Taxonomy

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Phylogeny

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Types of Tissues

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Types of Tissues

What is Homeostasis?

Maintaining homeostasis requires that the body continuously maintain its internal conditions. Each physiological condition has a particular set point, ...

Negative and Positive Feedback

Homeostatic Imbalance

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pH Homeostasis

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Feedback Loops

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Homeostasis

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Anatomical Positions

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Regional Terms

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Body Planes

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Anatomical Movements

Anatomical movements refer to the various actions or motions that can be performed by the body&#39;s joints and muscles. These movements are described ...

Abdominal Regions and Quadrants

To promote clear communication, for instance, about the location of a patient&#39;s abdominal pain or a suspicious mass, anatomists and clinicians ...

Anatomical Terminology

Content elaboration: Standard anatomical position is to be used as a reference point. Each area of the human body is identified by region. The features and structures of the body, relative to each other, are described by directional terms. The body and its organs can be divided by planes. The organs are located in cavities.

Anatomical Direction and Body Position

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