Name: verrucomicrobiota cell structure and traits
Uploaded: 2025-06-05T06:42:28.000Z
Duration: 1 min 26 s
Channel: JoVE

O filo Verrucomicrobiota é classificado em quatro ordens, com a maioria das espécies classificadas na ordem Verrucomicrobiales. As espécies deste filo são bactérias aeróbicas obrigatórias ou facultativas amplamente distribuídas em vários ambientes, incluindo água doce, habitats marinhos, solos florestais e terras agrícolas. As espécies de verrucomicrobiota contribuem para o ciclo do carbono. Muitas espécies fermentam açúcares, enquanto metanotróficos aeróbicos como o gênero Methylacidiphilum oxidam o metano. Curiosamente, as espécies em Verrucomicrobiota possuem extensões citoplasmáticas ligadas à membrana chamadas próteses. Esses apêndices são sustentados por peptidoglicano em suas paredes celulares. Os gêneros Verrucomicrobium e Prosthecobacter são notáveis por produzirem múltiplas próteses em cada célula. Eles sofrem divisão celular simétrica, resultando em células-mãe e filhas possuindo próteses no momento da divisão. As espécies de Prosthecobacter têm dois genes que exibem homologia significativa com os genes que codificam a tubulina em células eucarióticas. Mas sua função permanece obscura, pois nenhum citoesqueleto semelhante a eucariótico foi observado nessas bactérias.

filo bacteriano: verrucomicrobia

Bacterial Phylum Verrucomicrobiota

O filo Verrucomicrobiota compreende pelo menos quatro ordens caracterizadas, com a maioria das esp&#233;cies classificadas na ordem Verrucomicrobiotales. Os membros desse filo s&#227;o aer&#243;bios ou facultativamente aer&#243;bios, com capacidade de fermentar a&#231;&#250;cares. Uma exce&#231;&#227;o not&#225;vel &#233; o g&#234;nero Methylacidiphilum, composto por metanotr&#243;ficos aer&#243;bios. Al&#233;m disso, algumas Verrucomicrobiota estabelecem rela&#231;&#245;es simbi&#243;ticas com protistas. Essas bact&#233;rias est&#227;o amplamente distribu&#237;das em diversos ambientes, incluindo &#225;guas doces, habitats marinhos, solos florestais e terras agr&#237;colas.
Assim como os Planctomycetes, as Verrucomicrobiota possuem estruturas intracelulares delimitadas por membranas. No entanto, uma caracter&#237;stica distintiva das Verrucomicrobiota &#233; a presen&#231;a de extens&#245;es citoplasm&#225;ticas chamadas prostecas (prosthecae). Essas proje&#231;&#245;es s&#227;o sustentadas por peptidoglicano na parede celular, o que as diferencia dos Planctomycetes.
Os g&#234;neros Verrucomicrobium e Prosthecobacter se destacam por produzirem m&#250;ltiplas prostecas em cada c&#233;lula. Em contraste com Caulobacter, que desenvolve uma &#250;nica prosteca e libera c&#233;lulas m&#243;veis flageladas que n&#227;o possuem prostecas, Verrucomicrobium e Prosthecobacter passam por divis&#227;o celular sim&#233;trica, resultando em c&#233;lulas-m&#227;e e filhas com prostecas no momento da divis&#227;o. O nome Verrucomicrobium deriva do grego e significa "verruga", descrevendo adequadamente a apar&#234;ncia de Verrucomicrobium spinosum, com suas m&#250;ltiplas prostecas salientes.
Uma caracter&#237;stica de destaque das esp&#233;cies de Prosthecobacter &#233; a presen&#231;a de dois genes que possuem forte similaridade com os genes que codificam tubulina em c&#233;lulas eucari&#243;ticas. A tubulina &#233; a principal prote&#237;na que forma o citoesqueleto eucari&#243;tico. Embora a prote&#237;na bacteriana de divis&#227;o celular FtsZ tamb&#233;m seja um hom&#243;logo de tubulina, as prote&#237;nas semelhantes &#224; tubulina em Prosthecobacter apresentam maior semelhan&#231;a estrutural com a tubulina eucari&#243;tica. Apesar dessa similaridade, a fun&#231;&#227;o dessas prote&#237;nas em Prosthecobacter ainda &#233; desconhecida, pois nenhum citoesqueleto semelhante ao eucari&#243;tico foi observado nessas bact&#233;rias.

Filo Bacteriano: Verrucomicrobia

O filo Verrucomicrobiota compreende pelo menos quatro ordens caracterizadas, com a maioria das esp&#233;cies classificadas na ordem Verrucomicrobiotales. ...

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Microbial Diversity

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verrucomicrobiota cell structure and traits

Verrucomicrobiota are a bacterial phylum with several recognized orders, and most species belong to Verrucomicrobiotales. Many members are aerobic or facultatively aerobic, which means they can use oxygen but may also grow without it. They can also ferment sugars. One exception is the genus Methylacidiphilum, which contains aerobic methanotrophs, bacteria that use methane and oxygen.

These bacteria live in many different places. They are found in freshwater, marine habitats, forest soils, and agricultural land. Some Verrucomicrobiota also form symbiotic relationships with protists, which are single-celled eukaryotes.

Verrucomicrobiota have membrane-bound internal structures, similar to Planctomycetes. They also have cytoplasmic extensions called prosthecae. These appendages are supported by peptidoglycan in the cell wall, which helps distinguish them from Planctomycetes. The genera Verrucomicrobium and Prosthecobacter are known for having multiple prosthecae on each cell.

Their cell division is also unusual. Unlike Caulobacter, which forms a single prostheca and releases flagellated swarmer cells without prosthecae, Verrucomicrobium and Prosthecobacter divide symmetrically. This means both the mother cell and the daughter cell have prosthecae at the time of division. The name Verrucomicrobium comes from a Greek word meaning &quot;warty,&quot; which matches the look of Verrucomicrobium spinosum and its many protruding prosthecae.

Prosthecobacter species are especially notable because they carry two genes that are very similar to genes for eukaryotic tubulin. Tubulin is the main protein that forms the eukaryotic cytoskeleton. Bacteria also have FtsZ, another tubulin homolog involved in cell division. However, the Prosthecobacter proteins are even more similar in structure to eukaryotic tubulin, and their function is still unclear. No eukaryotic-like cytoskeleton has been seen in these bacteria.

Verrucomicrobiota Cell Structure and Traits

verrucomicrobiota-cell-structure-and-traits

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key terms and concepts

Explore Verrucomicrobiota cell features, prosthecae, habitat diversity, symbiosis with protists, and the unusual tubulin-like genes in Prosthecobacter.

Verrucomicrobiota Cell Structure and Traits | JoVE K12

JoVE Core Microbiology provides an engaging introduction to the microbial world and its influence on health, industry, and the environment. This comprehensive collection covers key concepts such as microbial structure, metabolism, genetics, and ecology. It introduces essential laboratory techniques and microscopy methods through visually engaging animations. Corresponding scientist-in-action videos bridge classroom concepts with real-world research and applications.

microbiology

Verrucomicrobiota Cell Structure and Traits

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