Name: stramenopile algae: diatoms, golden, brown
Uploaded: 2025-06-12T06:31:27.000Z
Duration: 1 min 19 s
Channel: JoVE

Diatomáceas, algas douradas e algas marrons formam outro grupo de algas, filogeneticamente classificadas como Stramenopiles. As diatomáceas são organismos unicelulares e fotossintéticos encontrados em ambientes marinhos e de água doce. Eles possuem uma estrutura protetora chamada frústula, uma parede celular à base de sílica com proteínas e polissacarídeos. As frústulas também formam várias formas intrincadas, exibindo padrões pinados ou radialmente simétricos. As algas douradas, ou crisófitas, são organismos fototróficos em ambientes marinhos e de água doce. Algumas espécies, como Ochromonas, são unicelulares, enquanto Dinobryon espécies formam colônias. Sua cor dourada é devido ao pigmento do cloroplasto fucoxantina, e eles usam principalmente clorofila c para a fotossíntese. As algas marrons são espécies exclusivamente marinhas e totalmente multicelulares. Muitas algas marrons podem atingir tamanhos grandes. Fucus, uma alga marinha comum em zonas entremarés, pode crescer até 2 metros, enquanto algas gigantes, como Macrocystis, podem crescer até 50 metros.

outras algas

Other Algae

O grupo Stramenopiles inclui alguns microrganismos fototr&#243;ficos. Os membros desse grupo possuem flagelos recobertos por numerosas extens&#245;es curtas semelhantes a pelos, caracter&#237;stica que inspirou o nome do grupo, derivado das palavras latinas para &#8220;palha&#8221; e &#8220;cabelo&#8221;. Algumas das principais categorias de Stramenopiles incluem as diatom&#225;ceas, algas douradas e algas pardas.
As diatom&#225;ceas s&#227;o eucariotos unicelulares fotossint&#233;ticos, com mais de 200 g&#234;neros conhecidos. Desempenham um papel fundamental nas comunidades planct&#244;nicas tanto em ambientes marinhos quanto de &#225;gua doce. Uma caracter&#237;stica definidora das diatom&#225;ceas &#233; sua parede celular composta por s&#237;lica, refor&#231;ada com prote&#237;nas e polissacar&#237;deos. Essa estrutura protetora, conhecida como fr&#250;stula, ajuda a dissuadir predadores e permanece intacta muito tempo ap&#243;s a decomposi&#231;&#227;o da c&#233;lula. As fr&#250;stulas das diatom&#225;ceas apresentam uma variedade de formas intricadas e frequentemente possuem padr&#245;es sim&#233;tricos. Algumas esp&#233;cies apresentam simetria penada, enquanto outras possuem simetria radial. Devido &#224; sua composi&#231;&#227;o silicosa, essas estruturas podem persistir por milh&#245;es de anos nas camadas sedimentares. Como resultado, os f&#243;sseis de diatom&#225;ceas est&#227;o entre os exemplos mais bem preservados de eucariotos unicelulares antigos, com evid&#234;ncias indicando seu surgimento h&#225; cerca de 200 milh&#245;es de anos.
As algas douradas e as algas pardas representam outros ramos principais dos Stramenopiles. As algas douradas, ou cris&#243;fitas, s&#227;o encontradas principalmente em ambientes marinhos e de &#225;gua doce, onde atuam como fototr&#243;ficas. Algumas esp&#233;cies tamb&#233;m podem consumir mat&#233;ria org&#226;nica por fagocitose ou por absor&#231;&#227;o de compostos dissolvidos. Embora a maioria das algas douradas seja unicelular e m&#243;vel, algumas, como Dinobryon, formam col&#244;nias. Sua colora&#231;&#227;o castanho-dourada prov&#233;m da presen&#231;a do pigmento carotenoide fucoxantina. Em vez da clorofila a encontrada em muitos outros organismos fotossint&#233;ticos, as algas douradas utilizam principalmente clorofila c e n&#227;o possuem as ficobiliprote&#237;nas caracter&#237;sticas das algas vermelhas. Um exemplo amplamente estudado desse grupo &#233; Ochromonas, uma esp&#233;cie unicelular com um ou dois cloroplastos por c&#233;lula.
Em contraste, as algas pardas s&#227;o exclusivamente marinhas e totalmente multicelulares, sem representantes unicelulares conhecidos. Muitas algas pardas s&#227;o macrosc&#243;picas, com algumas esp&#233;cies atingindo tamanhos impressionantes. O kelp gigante, como Macrocystis, pode crescer at&#233; 50 metros de comprimento, enquanto Fucus, uma alga comum em zonas entremar&#233;s, pode alcan&#231;ar at&#233; 2 metros. A colora&#231;&#227;o parda ou pardo-esverdeada dessas algas depende da concentra&#231;&#227;o de fucoxantina em suas c&#233;lulas. As algas pardas est&#227;o entre as algas marinhas mais abundantes e, em determinadas regi&#245;es costeiras, seu crescimento acelerado pode causar problemas quando grandes quantidades s&#227;o lan&#231;adas na costa e se decomp&#245;em, gerando odores desagrad&#225;veis.

Outras Algas

O grupo Stramenopiles inclui alguns microrganismos fototr&#243;ficos. Os membros desse grupo possuem flagelos recobertos por numerosas extens&#245;es ...

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JoVE Core

Microbiology

Microbiologia

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Microbial Diversity

Diversidade Microbiana

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

TERMOS E CONCEITOS-CHAVE

stramenopile algae: diatoms, golden, brown

Stramenopile algae include diatoms, golden algae, and brown algae. These phototrophic microorganisms have flagella with many short, hairlike extensions. That feature gave the group its name, which comes from Latin words meaning “straw” and “hair.”

Diatoms are unicellular, photosynthetic eukaryotes, and more than 200 genera are known. They are important parts of plankton in both marine and freshwater ecosystems. Their most distinctive feature is a silica-based cell wall called a frustule. This wall is reinforced with proteins and polysaccharides and helps protect the cell from predators. Frustules also stay intact after the cell dies, and their intricate shapes often show pinnate or radial symmetry. Because they are made of silica, they can persist in sediment for millions of years. Diatom fossils are among the best-preserved fossils of ancient unicellular eukaryotes, and the group likely appeared about 200 million years ago.

Golden algae, also called chrysophytes, live mainly in marine and freshwater environments. They are phototrophs, but some species can also take in organic material by phagocytosis or by absorbing dissolved compounds. Most golden algae are unicellular and motile, although some, such as Dinobryon, form colonies. Their golden-brown color comes from the pigment fucoxanthin. They use chlorophyll c rather than chlorophyll a, and they lack the phycobiliproteins found in red algae. Ochromonas is a well-studied unicellular example, and it usually has one or two chloroplasts per cell.

Brown algae are different from the other groups because they are exclusively marine and multicellular. No unicellular brown algae are known. Many are large enough to see easily, and some grow to impressive sizes. Giant kelp, such as Macrocystis, can reach up to 50 meters in length, while Fucus, a common intertidal seaweed, can grow up to 2 meters. Their brown or greenish-brown color depends on how much fucoxanthin is present in the cells. Brown algae are among the most common marine seaweeds, and in some coastal areas, large amounts wash ashore and decompose, creating a bad smell.

Stramenopile Algae: Diatoms, Golden, Brown

three-domain system of life

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methods of classification and identification

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modern molecular taxonomy

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bacterial phylum verrucomicrobiota

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Actinobacteria: Soil Bacteria and Cheese

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other unique bacteria

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diversity of archaea i

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Zygomycota: Spores, Hyphae, and Roles

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fungal phylum microsporidia

Microsporidia Spores and Host Infection

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fungal phylum ascomycota

Ascomycota: Sac Fungi and Their Spore Cycle

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fungal phylum basidiomycota

Basidiomycota: Mushrooms, Spores, and Ecological Roles

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red algae

Red Algae Pigments, Shapes, and Uses

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green algae

Green Algae: Forms, Habitats, and Roles

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other algae

Stramenopile algae include diatoms, golden algae, and brown algae. These phototrophic microorganisms have flagella with many short, hairlike extensions. That feature gave the group its name, which comes from Latin words meaning “straw” and “hair.” Diatoms are unicellular, photosynthetic eukaryotes, and more than 200 genera are known. They are important parts of plankton in both marine and freshwater ecosystems. Their most distinctive feature is a silica-based cell wall called a frustule. This...

overview of protists

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diversity of protists i

Excavata Protists and Their Adaptations

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diversity of protists ii

Alveolates: Ciliates, Dinoflagellates, Apicomplexans

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diversity of protists iii

Rhizaria: Pseudopods, Tests, and Skeletons

Rhizaria are unicellular protists with threadlike pseudopodia, which are thin cytoplasmic extensions used for movement and feeding. Their amoeboid shape once caused taxonomic confusion, but molecular phylogenetics has since shown where they fit on the evolutionary tree. This group includes Chlorarachniophyta, Radiolaria, and Foraminifera, and each lineage has adapted to a different ecological niche and metabolic strategy. Chlorarachniophyta are unicellular phototrophic protists found in marine...

diversity of protists iv

Amoebozoa: Movement and Life Cycles

Amoebozoa are a diverse group of terrestrial and aquatic protists. They move and feed with lobe-shaped pseudopodia. This feature sets them apart from Rhizaria, which have threadlike pseudopodia. The group includes gymnamoebas, entamoebas, and the plasmodial and cellular slime molds. Phylogenetic evidence also shows that Amoebozoa split from a lineage that later gave rise to fungi and animals. Gymnamoebas are free-living protists that live in water and soil. They move by amoeboid movement,...

key terms and concepts

Learn how diatoms, golden algae, and brown algae differ in structure, pigments, habitats, and size, from silica frustules to giant kelp.

Stramenopile Algae: Diatoms, Golden, Brown | JoVE K12

JoVE Core Microbiology provides an engaging introduction to the microbial world and its influence on health, industry, and the environment. This comprehensive collection covers key concepts such as microbial structure, metabolism, genetics, and ecology. It introduces essential laboratory techniques and microscopy methods through visually engaging animations. Corresponding scientist-in-action videos bridge classroom concepts with real-world research and applications.

microbiology

Stramenopile Algae: Diatoms, Golden, Brown

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