31.7
Circuitos RL
Um circuito RL consiste de um resistor e um indutor, e pode ter uma fonte de tensão elétrica conectada a ele. O indutor no circuito ajuda a evitar mud…
Um circuito RL inclui essencialmente um resistor e um indutor em série ou paralelo.
Considere um circuito RL em série conectado com uma fonte constante de fem e um interruptor; aqui, a fonte é assumida como tendo resistência interna zero.
Quando a chave é fechada, a corrente aumenta no circuito, o que leva a uma diferença de potencial entre o resistor e o indutor.
Aplicando a regra do loop de Kirchhoff, a taxa de aumento da corrente no circuito pode ser determinada.
Como a corrente era inicialmente zero, a taxa inicial de variação da corrente é igual a fem sobre indutância. Portanto, quanto maior a indutância, mais lenta a corrente aumenta.
Com o tempo, à medida que a corrente aumenta no circuito, a taxa de mudança de corrente se aproxima de zero, levando finalmente a um estado estacionário.
Nesse estado, a corrente final no circuito é igual a fem sobre a resistência e não depende da indutância. A mesma corrente é obtida mesmo se o indutor for removido do circuito.
View the full transcript and gain access to JoVE Core videos
Q1: What components make up an RL circuit?
An RL circuit consists of a resistor and an inductor connected either in series or parallel, typically with a source of emf. The inductor prevents rapid changes in current, which is useful when a steady current is required but the external source has fluctuating emf. This combination allows controlled current behavior in the circuit.
Q2: How does inductance affect the rate of current increase when a switch closes?
When a switch closes in an RL circuit, the initial rate of current increase equals emf divided by inductance. Greater inductance results in slower current increase. As current builds over time, the rate of change decreases until the circuit reaches steady state, where current no longer depends on inductance. Understanding current growth and decay in RL circuits reveals how inductance controls this transient behavior.
Q3: What is the steady-state current in an RL circuit?
At steady state, the final current in an RL circuit equals emf divided by resistance and does not depend on inductance. This is the same current that would flow if only the resistor were connected to the emf source. Once steady state is reached, the rate of current change becomes zero.
Q4: What does the time constant of an RL circuit represent?
The time constant of an RL circuit equals inductance divided by resistance and measures how quickly current builds toward its final value. For a given resistance, larger inductance values produce larger time constants, causing slower current rise. Smaller inductance values result in rapid current rise to the final steady-state value.
Q5: How does an inductor behave when the circuit switches from battery to bypass mode?
When an RL circuit is modified to bypass the battery, the current decays slowly and smoothly across the resistor and inductor. The inductor resists this change in current, causing a gradual decay rather than an abrupt stop. This smooth decay is characteristic of inductive behavior in circuits.
Q6: Why does inductance not affect the final steady-state current?
Inductance only affects the rate at which current changes, not its final value. By Kirchhoff's loop rule, at steady state the rate of current change approaches zero, eliminating the inductor's voltage contribution. The final current then depends only on emf and resistance, making inductance irrelevant to the steady-state value.
Q7: How does the inductor help manage fluctuating external emf sources?
The inductor in an RL circuit prevents rapid changes in current, providing stability when the external emf source fluctuates. By resisting sudden current variations, the inductor helps maintain a more steady current flow through the circuit. This protective function is valuable in applications requiring consistent current despite source instability.