Non-invasive Sampling
Non-invasive Sampling - Related Videos
10:16
Chick Heart Invasion Assay for Testing the Invasiveness of Cancer Cells and the Activity of Potentially Anti-invasive Compounds
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Cited by 4 •
2015
Here, we present a protocol to study the invasion of tumor cells into living normal tissue fragments in three dimensions. This organ culture technique is mainly applied to test potentially anti-invasive drugs in vitro.
07:53
An In vitro FluoroBlok Tumor Invasion Assay
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Cited by 23 •
2009
This video demonstrates how to measure cell invasion through cell culture inserts using a fluorescence-based methodology.
07:58
Invasion Assay Using 3D Matrices
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2023
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a network of molecules that provide a structural framework for cells and tissues and helps facilitate intercellular communication. Three-dimensional cell culture techniques have been developed to more accurately model this extracellular environment for in vitro study. While many cell processes during migration through 3D matrices are similar to those required for movement across rigid 2D surfaces, including adherence, migration through ECM also requires cells...
09:58
A Reversible, Non-invasive Method for Airway Resistance Measurements and Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Sampling in Mice
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Cited by 10 •
2010
Repeated measurements of rodent respiratory physiology and sampling of airway inflammatory cells are desirable, but generally not feasible. Here we describe a repeatable method for orally intubating mice that permits repeated measurements of airway hyperreactivity and sampling of airway inflammatory cells.
01:37
Non-invasive Monitoring and Imaging in Animal Research
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2026
All animal procedures described here must be conducted in accordance with institutional animal ethics guidelines and approved by IACUC. All procedures must follow the principles of the 3Rs—Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement—and must be performed by trained personnel. Non-invasive technologies support the principles of 3Rs by enabling repeated data collection from the same animal without the need for euthanasia at multiple time points. These approaches reduce the number of animals required...
FAQs
The biological material carries measurable markers that reflect either the pathogen or the host response. Depending on the sample, laboratory assays can identify pathogen nucleic acids, antigens, antibodies, proteins, or host cells. Detecting these different marker classes allows researchers to investigate infection directly while also assessing immune activation and inflammation.
Different materials can provide access to different biological signals. Saliva, urine, stool, exhaled breath, and surface secretions may contain pathogen or host-response markers, but the useful targets depend on what is present in each specimen. Selecting an appropriate source therefore influences whether a study can assess infection, antibody responses, inflammation, or other outcomes.
Repeated collection supports longitudinal analysis, meaning researchers can compare measurements from the same study period across disease progression, treatment response, transmission, and recovery. Because these approaches reduce collection burden, they can be useful when frequent blood or tissue sampling is impractical. The resulting time series may show changing pathogen or immune-response markers.
The workflow begins with collecting a biological material such as saliva, urine, stool, exhaled breath, or a surface secretion. Researchers then use laboratory assays to isolate relevant material and detect selected markers, including nucleic acids, antigens, antibodies, proteins, or host cells. The detected signals are subsequently interpreted in relation to infection or immune activity.
Researchers may select this approach when blood or tissue collection is impractical, uncomfortable, or difficult to repeat. Its lower burden can support screening, diagnosis, pathogen surveillance, and studies requiring serial measurements. It also reduces exposure risks associated with collection, making it useful when investigators need to monitor participants over time.
In this field, researchers use collected specimens to examine both infectious agents and host responses. Assays may support screening or diagnosis by detecting pathogen markers, while surveillance studies track pathogen presence across samples. Other analyses measure inflammation or antibody responses, helping characterize disease progression, treatment response, transmission, and recovery.